Funded by NSF BCS-1917619
Story #1
| (1) | |||||
| ——Che-[gue]ronohẽ-mí-na-ko | ai-me- | há-gui!Locational Relative Pronoun 'ha' | ——he’i, | i-juku’a | pepe. |
| ——1Sg.DO-take-out-Dim-Rog | 1Sg-be- | Rel-Prep | ——3Sg-say | 3Sg-agitated | palpitate |
"Please take me away from this place," he said, very agitated.
"Sácame por favor de este lugar," dijo, demasiado agitado.
| (2) | |||||
| ——E-ñe-moĩ-mi | jey | ∅Covert Direct Object Pronoun | pe | rei-me | hagué-pe,Locational Relative Pronoun 'ha' |
| ——Imp-Refl-put-Dim | again | 2Sg.Pron.DO | Dem | 2Sg-be.Loc | Sub.TermAsp-Loc |
"Please put yourself again at the place where you were,"
"Ponete otra vez en el lugar donde estabas,"
| (3) | ||||||
| Oi-ke | jey | mbói | ogueví-vo | la | o-ĩ- | hagué-pe,Locational Relative Pronoun 'ha' |
| 3Sg-go.in | again | snake | 3Sg-backwards-Conj.Simult | Def.Det | 3Sg-be.Loc | Sub.TermAsp-Loc |
The snake went in backwards into the place where he had been,
Entró otra vez la víbora reculando en el lugar donde estuvo,
Story #2
| (1) | ||||
| ——Máva piko | o-hó-ta | kóa | vyrorei- | há-pe?Locational Relative Pronoun 'ha' |
| ——Who-Q | 3Sg-go-Prosp | those | nonsense | Rel-Loc |
"Who will go into such nonsense?"
"Quién irá en esas tontería?"
Story #4
| (1) | |||||
| ha | a-ha | aipo | karu | guasu- | há-pe.Nominalizer 'ha' |
| Conj | 1Sg-go | Dem | meal | big- | Rel-Loc |
"and go to that feast."
"e ir a tal comilona."
| (2) | ||||||
| Amo | ipahápe | o-ho | o-guahẽ | i-komádre | kavara | róga-pe, |
| Dem | finally | 3Sg-go | 3Sg-arrive | 3.Poss-fem.close.friend | goat | house-Loc |
And there finally he arrived at the house of his close friend the [female] goat,
Y allá al final fue a llegar a la casa de la comadra cabra,
| o-invitá-vo | avei | chupe Overt Direct Object (DO) Pronoun | i-sánto | ára-há-peLocational Relative Pronoun 'ha' | guarã. |
| 3Sg-invite-Asp.Goal | also | 3.Pron.DO | 3.Poss-saint | day-Rel-Loc | for |
to invite her also for his saint day.
a invitarla también para su día santo.
| (3) | ||||||||
| Asaje | pyté-vo, | o-guahẽ | o-hó-vo | hapicha | kavara | la | vy’a- | há-pe.Locational Relative Pronoun 'ha' |
| Noon | around-Conj.Simult | 3Sg-arrive | 3Sg-go-Asp.Goal | his.kind | goat | Def.Det | happy- | Rel-Loc |
Around noon, his friend the goat came arriving at the party.
Hacía el mediodía, fue llegando su semejante la cabra a la fiesta.
| (4) | |||||||||
| ——Mamó-gui | -ma | piko | péicha | re-ju | la | che | santo | ára | há-pe,Locational Relative Pronoun 'ha' |
| ——Where-Prep | -Asp | Q | this.way | 2Sg-come | Def.Det | 1Sg.Poss | saint | day | Rel-Loc |
"From where do you come to my saint day like this,"
"De dónde ya venís así a mi día santo,"
Story #5
| (1) | ||||||||
| o-ĩ | peteĩ | ygua | kakuaa, | hoy’u- | há[-pe]Locational Relative Pronoun 'ha' | opa-ite | animal | ka’aguy. |
| 3Sg-exist | one | spring | big [water fountain] | 3Pl.drink- | Rel[-Loc] | all-Superl | animal | forest |
there is a big spring, where all the animals of the forest drink.
había una surgente de agua grande, donde todos los animales del bosque beben.
| (2) | |||
| heta-ite | o-ĩ | há-peLocational Relative Pronoun 'ha' | guasu’i, |
| a.lot-Superl | 3Sg-exist- | Rel-Loc | deer |
"where there are lots of deer;"
"donde hay tantos venados,"
| (3) | |||||
| ha | o-pyta | jaguerete | upé-pe, | o-je-jokua- | há-pe.Locational Relative Pronoun 'ha' |
| Conj | 3Sg-stay | tiger | Dem-Loc | 3Sg-Refl-tied- | Rel-Loc |
and the tiger stayed there, tied up.
y quedó ahí el jaguareté, atado.
Story #6
| (1) | ||||||
| O-guahẽ | karumbe | avei | upé-pe, | la | ño-mongeta- | há-pe.Locational Relative Pronoun 'ha' |
| 3Sg-arrive | turtle | also | there-Loc | Def.Det | Rec-converse | Rel-Loc |
The turtle also arrived there, where they were having a conversation.
Llegó la Tortuga también ahí, en la conversación.
| (2) | |||||||||
| ––Ápe | ai-me | ––he’i | chupe | karumbe, | pe | mokõi | paso | há-peLocational Relative Pronoun 'ha' | henonde-rã. |
| ––Here | 1Sg-am | ––3Sg.say | 3Sg.Pron.IO | turtle | Dem | two | step | Rel-Loc | place-Irr |
"Here I am," the turtle said to him, "two steps away from you."
"Aquí estoy," le dijo tortuga, "a dos pasos delante del avestruz."
| (3) | ||||
| ––pe | mokõi | paso- | há-peLocational Relative Pronoun 'ha' | henonde-rã. |
| ––Dem | two | step- | Rel-Loc | place-Irr |
"two steps away from where you are."
"a dos pasos delante de donde estás."
| (4) | |||||||||
| Nimbo | ha’e | umi | i-hénte | o-ho | va’ekue | la | karrera- | há-peLocational Relative Pronoun 'ha' | -rãicha |
| Part | 3Sg.Cop | Dem | 3.Poss-people | 3Sg-go | Perf.Asp.Distal | Def.Det | race- | Rel-Loc | -like |
It turned out that her people that had gone to the race,
Y había sido que ésta su gente que se habían ido a la carrera [como para la carrera]
Story #8
| (1) | ||||||||
| la | ka’i | kuéra | o-ĩ- | ha[-pe],Nominalizer 'ha' | o-mboyke | la | ólla | guasu. |
| Def.Det | monkey | Pl | 3Sg-be- | Rel[-Loc] | 3Pl-throw | Def.Det | pot | big |
where the monkeys were, they [the monkeys] suddenly threw the [contents of the entire] big pot.
donde estaban los monos, ellos [los monos] volcaron de repente la olla grande.
Story #11
| Ha | pe | tre | vése | há-pe,Locational Relative Pronoun 'ha' | o-po’ẽ | Peru | la | mbói | jurú-pe, | ha |
| Conj | Dem | three | times | Rel-Loc | 3Sg-hand | Peru | Def.Det | snake | mouth-Loc | Conj |
And on the third time, Peru put his hand in the snake’s mouth, and
Y a la tercera vez, metió la mano Peru en la boca de la víbora, y
Story #12
| (1) | |||||
| yvy-guý-gui | ra'e,Ra'e narrator/speaker oriented, part of matrix (edge of Rel clause) | la | entierro | reka | há-pe.Locational Relative Pronoun 'ha' |
| earth-under-Prep | Evid | Def.Det | dug | search | Rel-Loc |
from under the ground, it turns out, searching for the treasure.
de debajo de la tierra, había sido que, buscando lo enterrado [=tesoro].
| (2) | ||||||
| Ro-pu’ã | ha | che-gueraha | peteĩ | kahõ | oĩ | -há-pe,Locational Relative Pronoun 'ha' |
| 1Pl-get.up | Conj | 1Sg.Obj-take | one | [funerary.]urn | 3Sg-exist | -Rel-Loc |
We got up and he took me where there was a funerary urn,
Nos levantamos y me llevó donde estaba un cajón,
| (3) | |||||
| Are | upe | hagué-peLocational Relative Pronoun 'ha' | ningo | peteĩ | ka’arú-pe |
| Some.time | Dem | Sub.TermAsp-Loc | FOC | one | afternoon-Loc |
It was much after that one afternoon
Desde ese tiempo lejano una tarde
Story #13
| (1) | ||||||
| ha | o-poi | la | tataindy | hendy | -ha gotyoLocational Relative Pronoun 'ha' | Ple! [sound] |
| Conj | 3Sg-threw | Def.Det | candle | lit | -Loc.Rel towards | Ple! [sound] |
and he threw it towards where the lit candles were: ple!
y tiró hacia donde estaban las velas encendidas: ple!
| (2) | |||||
| la | Agui | oĩ | -haLocational Relative Pronoun 'ha' | ypy-eté | -pe.Locational Relative Pronoun 'ha' |
| Def.Det | Agustin | 3Sg.exist | -Rel | close-Superl | -Loc |
right next to where Agui was.
cerquita de donde estaba Agustín.
Story #14
| (1) | |||||||||
| Ha | do | tre | dia | hagué-peLocational Relative Pronoun 'ha' | i-sy | umía | o-gueru | jey | chupe. |
| Conj | two | three | days | Sub.TermAsp-Loc | 3-mother | those | 3Pl-bring | again | 3.Pron.DO |
And after two or three days his parents would bring him back again.
Y dos tres días después su mamá y esos [y otros] le traían otra vez.
| (2) | |||||||
| pe | oiko | -haLocational Relative Pronoun 'ha' | rupi, | nd-oi-kuaa-vé-i | -maAspect/Focalizer '-ma' | chupe | hikuái. |
| Dem | 3Sg-exist | -Rel.Loc | around | Neg-3Pl-know-more-Neg | -Asp | 3.Pron.IO | 3Pl.Pron.Subj |
around there, they did not recognize him.
allí por donde andaba, ya ellos no lo reconocían.
| (3) | |||||||
| Ha | ndajeReportative Evidential 'ndaje' | hembireko | oi-kutu | ryguasu | o-ke | -há-guiLocational Relative Pronoun 'ha' | hína,Continuative |
| Conj | Report.Evid | 3.Poss.wife | 3Sg-stick | chicken | 3Sg-sleep | -Rel-Prep | Cont |
And it is said that his wife stuck a knife where a chicken was sleeping,
y dicen que su señora clavo una gallina en donde estaba dormida,
| (4) | |||||||
| ha | o-je-juhú | -maAspect/Focalizer '-ma' | la | te’ýi | reko | -há-peLocational Relative Pronoun 'ha' | jey. |
| Conj | 3Sg-Refl-find | -Asp | Def.Det | people | live | -Rel-Loc | again. |
and found himself again where people [of the camp] lived.
y se encontraba donde viven las personas [de la toldería] otra vez.
Children's Narrative C36 - Child
C36 - Pini ha Kuri’i oiko va'ekueDistal Perfect Aspect Chákope ha upépe hakueterei la kuarahy pe tatáicha, oiko oguata hikuái ha uperire okañy la tapére ha peichaháguinte otopa túna máta ha opyta ho’u hikuái. Upe jave, ohendu peteĩ mba’yru ryapu ha pya’e okañy Pini ha Kuri’i la yvyra kupépe ovichea haguãIrrealis 'ha' Subordinator, ohecha la kamion guasú oú[v]a ha osegui omaña ñemi hikuái oikuaa haguãIrrealis 'ha' Subordinator mávapa la oú[v]a pe kamion-pe. Ohecha hikuái la karai oguejy ha oñepyrũ ohachea la yvyramáta oĩva gui[v]e ha ikyhyjetei hikuái. Oryrýi oñondive okañy há-peLocational Relative Pronoun 'ha'. Epytáke ko’ápe, jaheka peteĩ kua ikatu haguãIrrealis 'ha' Subordinator-icha ñakañy porãve he’i Pini Kuri’ípe ha he’i chupe pe otro: no, chekyhyjete[re]i che, ápentena japyta ha ñamaña ñemi hese.
Pini y Kuri’i vivían en el Chaco y allí hace demasiado calor, el sol es como el fuego, andaban caminando y después se perdieron por el camino, de repente encontraron plantas de tuna y se quedaron a comer. En ese momento, escucharon el ruido de un vehículo y rápidamente Pini y Kuri’i se escondieron detrás de un árbol para espiar, vieron venir al camión grande y siguieron espiando para saber quién venía en el camión. Vieron bajar a un señor que empezó a hachear todos los árboles que había y ellos tuvieron demasiado miedo. Temblaban juntos en su escondite. "Quedate aquí, busquemos un hoyo para poder escondernos mejor," le dijo Pini a Kuri’i y éste le respondió: "no, yo tengo demasiado miedo, quedémonos aquí nomás y sigamos espiándole."
Pini and Kuri’i lived in El Chaco and it was very hot there, the sun was like fire. They were walking and then they got lost along the way. All of a sudden they found prickly pears and they stayed to eat. At that moment, they heard the noise of a vehicle and Pini and Kuri'i quickly hid behind a tree to spy [to see without being seen], and they saw a big truck coming and they continued looking to see who was coming in the truck. They saw a man come down and knock down all the trees with an ax and they were very frightened. They were trembling together in their hideout. "Stay here, let's find a hole to hide better," said Pini to Kuri'i. And he responded: "no, I am very afraid, let's stay and we can keep spying on them."
Children's Narrative C44 - Child
C44 - Oguahẽ heta flor oĩ há-peLocational Relative Pronoun 'ha' ha oĩ káva ha o[gue]nohẽ la ikũ ho’u haguã vichíto, porque ha’e oimo’a vichíto kuri ha mbora’e ogueru la káva ha ojopi chupe ha ho’a de lómo, irurupaite la ikũ.
Llegó donde había muchas flores y había avispas y sacó su lengua para comer al bichito, porque ella pensó que eran bichitos y había sido trajo la avispa y le picó y se cayó de espaldas, se hinchó todita la lengua.
They came to where there were a lot of flowers and there were wasps and it [the frog] stuck out its tongue to eat the bug, because it thought that they were bugs and it brought in the wasp and it [the wasp] stung it [the frog] and it fell on its back, its tongue got completely swollen.
Children's Narrative C47 - Child
C47 - Upéi ju’i oho upéi[ru]pi ha oguahẽ peteĩ kuñakarai hakarai oĩ há-peLocational Relative Pronoun 'ha'. Omaña hína hesekuéra, hikúai ojapóta merienda, ho’úta kosído. Ju’i opo ha oike la kuñakarai kanástope, pé[v]a [señalando la mujer] ndohechái chupe, upéi omoinge la ipo la ikanástope ha osẽ ju’i ijyváre ha tuicahaiterei oñemondýi hikuái ha ojapi ju’íre la ihárro.
Después la rana se fue por ahí y llegó donde estaban una señora y un señor. Les estaba mirando, ellos iban a hacer la merienda, iban a tomar cocido. La rana saltó y entró a la canasta de la señora y ésta no le vio, luego metió la mano en su canasta y la rana salió por su brazo, se asustaron demasiado grande y le lanzó su taza a la rana.
Then the frog went away from there and it came to where there was a woman and a man. It was watching them, they were going to have a snack, they were going to have tea. The frog jumped and went into the woman’s basket and she didn’t see it, then she stuck her hand into the basket and the frog came out on her arm, they were really frightened and she threw her cup at the frog.
C47 - Upéi katu oho omaña y oĩ háLocational Relative Pronoun 'ha'-me ha ohecha mitã’í oguerekóva varko’i ýpe, la ju’i omaña hína hese, upéi oñemombo ha ho’a la varkítope ha la mitã’i hasẽ. Ou isy o[gue]nohẽ hagua chupe la ivárko’i la ýgui ha la ju’i omaña ñemi hesekuéra.
Luego se fue a mirar donde había agua y vio un niño que tenía un barquito en el agua, la rana lo estaba mirando, luego se lanzó y cayó al barquito y el niño lloró. Vino su madre para sacarle su barco del agua y la rana les estaba espiando.
Then it went off to see where there was water and it saw a boy that had a little boat in the water, the frog was watching him, then it jumped and fell into the little boat and the boy cried. His mother came to take his boat out of the water and the frog was watching them.
C47 - Ha upéi ju’i ohecha peteĩ kuñakarai o[gue]rekóvaRelativizer karríto’i oĩ há-peLocational Relative Pronoun 'ha' la ibebe’i ha peteĩ míchi okévaRelativizer hína upépe iládope, la ju’i ojupise la karrítope ha ikyhyje la míchigui. Upéi katu la kuñakarai o[gue]nohẽ la tete ome’ẽ hagua ibebe’ípe ha aimete ome’ẽ ju’ípe porque ha’e ojejurupe’a ho’u hagua. Míchi ohecha ju’ípe ha omuña chupe, ojagarra chupe ipýgui, ostira chupe ha ojopy chupe yvýre. Upéi katu oupaite la ju’i amigo kuéra ha oja’ovaipaite míchipe, ombodispara chupe hikuái. Upéi ju’i ohojey iñamigokuérandi.
Luego la rana vio a una señora que tenía un carrito donde estaba su bebé pequeño y un gato que estaba durmiendo a su lado, la rana quería subir al carrito y tenía miedo del gato. Después la señora sacó la mamadera para darle al bebé y casi le dio a la rana porque ella estaba abriendo la boca para tomar. El gato vio a la rana y le corrió, le agarró del pie, le estiró y le apretó por el suelo. Luego vinieron todos los amigos de la rana y le regañaron al gato, le hicieron correr. Después la rana se fue nuevamente con sus amigos.
Then the frog saw a woman that had a carriage where her little baby was and a cat was sleeping next to it, the frog wanted to climb into the carriage and it was scared of the cat. Then the woman took out the milk bottle to give it to the baby and almost gave it to the frog because it [the frog] was opening its mouth to drink. The cat saw the frog and ran at it, it grabbed its leg, pulled it and pressed it to the ground. Then all the frog’s friends came and they scolded the cat, they made it run away Then the frog went off again with its friends.
Children's Narrative C48 - Child
Upéi ju’i ohojeýmaAspect / Focalizer (Already) oĩ háLocational Relative Pronoun 'ha'-me peteĩ mitã’i oguerekóva varkíto, peteĩ lágope omoĩ la varkíto ha ju’i opo mitã’i oĩ háLocational Relative Pronoun 'ha'-me ha ipochy la mitã’i la ju’i opohagué-re la ivárko ári.
Luego la rana fue nuevamente donde estaba un niño que tenía un barquito, puso su barquito en un lago y la rana saltó donde estaba el niño y él niño se enojó porque la rana saltó sobre su barco.
Then the frog went again where there was a boy that had a little boat, he put his little boat in a lake and the frog jumped where the boy was and the boy got angry because the frog jumped onto his boat.