Guarani Corpus

Funded by NSF BCS-1917619

Additional Resources Publications

Story #12

"Plata Yvy-guy"

Money earth-under

"Buried Money"

"Plata Enterrada"


Hover over Guaraní morphemes written in purple to see their syntactic function.

Audio for Story #12:


Oi-ko va'ekuéDistal Perfect Aspect -ngo karai Leokádio, pláta yvy-guy reka -haNominalizer 'ha' tuja.
3Sg-exist Asp.Distal -Part Mr. Leokadio money ground-under search -Nom old

There was an old treasure hunter, called Mr. Leokadio.

Existía un viejo buscador de tesoro, el señor llamado Leokádio.


Peteĩ diá-pe (árape) o-u che rendá-pe ha he’i chéve:
One day-Loc 3Sg-come 1Sg.Poss place-Loc Conj 3Sg.say 3.Pron.IO

One day he came to my place and said to me:

Un dia vino junto a mí y me dijo:


——Ja-ha-mí-na ta-hecha[u]ka-mi ndé-ve peteĩ mba’e
——1Pl.Incl-go-Dim-Rog Imp-see-Caus-Dim 2Sg-with one thing

"Let’s go, I will show you something

"Vamos, un poquito te voy a mostrar algo


a-nohẽ va'ekueRelativizer/Distal che konpádre Vito ndí-ve.
1Sg-take.out Rel.Distal 1Sg.Poss friend Vito 2Sg-with

that I found with my friend, Vito."

que había sacado con mi compadre, Vito."


Ha a-je-prepara la ka’aru ha ro-ho la i-konpádre róga-pe.
Conj 1Sg-Refl-prepare Def.Det lunch Conj 1Pl.Excl-go Def.Det 3.Poss-friend house-Loc

And I got ready in the afternoon and we went to his friend’s house.

Y me preparé a la tarde y fuimos a la casa de su compadre.


O-sẽ ore-reciví-vo [ore-mo-guahẽ-vo] karai Vito, ha ro-ñe’ẽ ñe’ẽ-nte,
3Sg-go.out 2Pl.Obj-receive-Goal mister Vito Conj 1Pl.Excl-speak speak-only

Mr. Vito came out to receive us, and we just chatted,

Salió a recibirnos el Señor Vito, y hablábamos nomás [charlamos],


ha Leokádio o-porandú -maAspect/Focalizer '-ma' chupe
Conj Leokadio 3Sg-ask -Asp 3.Pron.IO

and Leokadio already asked

y Leokádio ya le preguntó


mba’e-pa o-japo ra’eEmbedded, wh-complement of 'o-porandú', matrix subject oriented ha’e la mba’e o-guenohẽ va'ekueRelativizer/Distal hikuái-gui.
thing-Q 3Pl-do Evid 3.Pron Def.Det thing 3Pl-take.out Rel.Distal 3Pl.Pron.Subj-Prep

what they had done with the things they had dug out.

qué habían hecho de las cosas que habían sacado ellos.


——A-mombo-pa Covert Direct Object Pronoun [pórke] che rembirekó-pe ndo-gustái-gui [ndoipotái-gui] Covert Direct Object Pronoun
——1Sg-throw.out-Compl 3.Pron.DO [because] 1Sg.Poss wife-IO 2Sg-like-Prep 3.Pron.DO

"I threw it all out because my wife did not like it:

"Tiré todo porque a mi esposa no le gustó:


'E-mo-mbo chéve pe sonseráhe,
Imp-Caus-throw.out 1Sg.Pron.IO Dem trinkets

'Throw me out all those trinkets,

'Tirame todo esa tontería,


pe kosina tihéra punta-re re-hupi va'ekue.'Relativizer/Distal
Dem kitchen beam end-Obl 2Sg-lift Rel.Distal

which you had lifted on the end of the beam.' [Vito’s wife quoted]

que habías alzado en lo alto de la cocina [en la punta de la tijera del techo]' [la esposa de Vito citada]


'Che-mo-ngyhyje,' he’i chéve peteĩ diá-pe."
1Sg-Caus-fear 3Sg.say 1Sg.Pron.IO one day-Loc

'It scares me,' she told me one day."

'Me da miedo,' me dijo un día."


Ha ha’e-té-pe upe jave o-sẽ Vito rembireko
Conj Cop-Superl-Loc Dem moment 3Sg-go.out Vito wife

And at that moment Vito’s wife came out,

Y en ese mismo momento salió la esposa de Vito,


ha o-porandu chupe Leokádio, che-rovake:
Conj 3Sg-ask 3.Pron.IO Leokádio 1Sg-front

and Leokadio asked her, in front of me:

y Leokadio le preguntó, delante mío [en mi presencia]:


——Ha mba’é-re-pa ne-mo-ngyhyje la ore rembire-nohẽ-ngue?
——Conj thing-Obl-Q 2Sg-Caus-fear Def.Det 1Pl.Poss thing-dig-former

"And why are you afraid of the thing that we dug out?"

"¿Y porque le tienes miedo a lo que habíamos extraído [desenterrado]?"


Ha ha’e ningo o-gueru Covert Direct Object Pronoun kuriRetrospective Aspect 'kuri' o-jokua Covert Direct Object Pronoun trápo-pe
Conj 3.Pron FOC 3Sg-bring 3.Pron.DO Retrosp.Asp 3Sg-tie 3.Pron.DO cloth-Loc

And he brought [it = what they had dug out] [and] he [it to] tied a piece of cloth

Y el trajo [lo desenterrado] [y] [lo] ató en un trapo


ha o-hupi pe yvate, tihéra punta-re.
Conj 3Sg-lift Dem high beam end-Obl

and he raised up high on the ceiling beam.

y alzó allá en lo alto de la tijera [del techo].


Ha yvytu hatã ramo, o-va -vaRelativizer 'va' upépe la trápo-pe je-jokuapy,
Conj wind strong Cond 3Sg-move -Rel Dem Def.Det cloth-Loc Refl-tie

And if there is a lot of wind, that thing tied with the cloth moves [back and forth],

Y si hay mucho viento, se mueve [de un lado a otro] lo que está atado por el trapo,


ha pyhare ramo o-va-vá-nte avei.
Conj night Cond 3Sg-move-Hab-FOC also

and at night it also moves.

y por la noche se mueve también.


Ha re-pu’ã ha re-maña ha’óra hesé-nte o-va-va hína.Continuative
Conj 2Sg-get.up Conj 2Sg-look time 3.Obl-FOC 3Sg-move-Hab Cont

And whatever time you get up and you look at it, it is moving (back and forth).

Y la hora que te levantas y miras por él, se está moviendo.


O-ky ha o-pí-rõ ha’e nd-o-pytá-i.
3Sg-rain Conj 3Sg-stop.rain-Cond 3.Subj Neg-3Sg-stay-Neg

And whether it rains or not, it is still moving.

Si llueve o si escampa [el bulto] no se queda.


Ha upéa la kangue-kue o-guenohẽ va'ekue.'Relativizer/Distal hikuái
Conj those Def.Det bone-former 3Sg-take.out Rel.Distal 3Pl.Pron.Subj

And those were the [former] bones that he had dug out

Y esos [eran] los huesos [former bones] que habían sacado ellos


yvy-guý-gui ra'e,Ra'e narrator/speaker oriented, part of matrix (edge of Rel clause) la entierro reka há-pe.Locational Relative Pronoun 'ha'
earth-under-Prep Evid Def.Det dug search Rel.Loc

from under the ground, it turns out, searching for the treasure.

de debajo de la tierra, había sido que, buscando lo enterrado [=tesoro].


Ha la hembireko upéicha o-kyhyjé -maAspect/Focalizer '-ma' ramo la kangue-kue je-jokuapý-gui,
Conj Def.Det wife that.way 3Sg-afraid -Asp Cond Def.Det bone-former Refl-tie-Prep

And given that the wife was already afraid of the tied up bones,

Y así como la esposa ya estaba atemorizada de los restos de huesos atados,


karai Vito o-mombo Covert Direct Object Pronoun peteĩ akuare’ẽ-ndý-pe.
Mr. Vito 3Sg-throw.out 3.Pron.DO one reedbed-in-Loc

Mr. Vito threw [them] out in a reedbed.

el señor Victor [los] tiró en un cañaveral.


N-o-mombó-i Covert Direct Object Pronoun sementério-pe pórke o-dekonfía hese
Neg-3Sg-throw.out-Neg 3.Pron.DO cemetery-Loc because 3Sg-not.trust 3.Pron.Obl

He did not throw [them] in the cemetery because he suspected

No [los] tiró en el cementerio porque desconfía de él


nda-há’e-i -haSubordinate 'ha' vautisádo kangue-kue.
Neg-Cop-Neg -Sub baptize bone-former

that it had not been baptized.

que no fue bautizado.


O-ĩ-py-pe la o-ĩ -va.Relativizer 'va'
3Sg-exist-inside-Loc Def.Det 3Sg-exist -Rel

That it has something, it does.

De tener algo lo tiene/Dentro hay lo que hay.


Upéi che a-sẽ-vo karai Vito róga-gui
Then 1Sg.Pron 1Sg-go.out-Simult Mr. Vito house-Prep

Then when I left Mr. Victor's house

Después al salir yo de la casa del Señor Victor


a-ha haguãIrrealis Subordinator 'ha' jey óga-pe, karai Leokádio o-sẽ che-ndive.
1Sg-go Sub.Irr again house-Loc Mr. Leokadio 3Sg-go.out 1Sg-with

to go back to my house, Mr. Locadio went out with me.

para ir de vuelta a mi casa, el señor Locadio salió conmigo.


——Ro-sẽ mbuku-mí-vo upé-gui ——he’i chéve:
——1Pl-go.out stretch-Dim-Simult there-Prep ——3Sg.say 1Sg.Pron.IO

"When we had gone a stretch from there," he said to me.

"Cuando salimos de ahí un trecho," me dijo.


——Ja-ha-mí-na óga-pe ta-hendu-ka-mi ndéve la che músika.
——1Pl-go-Dim-Rog house-Loc Rog-listen-Caus-Dim 2Sg.Pron.IO Def.Det 1Sg.Poss music

"Let’s go to my house to have you listen to some of my music."

"Vamos un poco a mi casa para hacerte escuchar mi música."


——Mba’éicha-gua-piko la ne músika ——ha’e chupe.
——What.kind-source-Q Def.Det 2Sg.Poss music ——1Sg.say 3.Pron.IO

"What type [of music] is your music?" I said.

"Qué clase es tu música?" le dije.


——Ha ja-ha-mí-na [r]ei-kauaa-mi.
——Conj 1Pl-go-Dim-Rog 2Sg-know-Dim

"Let’s go so you get to know."

"Y vamos para que sepas."


Upéi-ngo a-ju he-ndive la h-óga-pe. Roi-me hína.Present Continuative (lengthens duration of event)
Then-FOC 1Sg-come 3Pl-with Def.Det 3.Poss-house-Loc 1Pl.Excl-Loc 2Pl.Excl-Cont

And then I came with him to his house. We were there.

Y después vine con él a su casa. Estábamos [ahí].


Upéi che-avisa: ——La ónse ramo
Then 1Sg.Obj-tell ——Def.Det eleven Cond

Then he tells me: "At eleven o’clock

Y después me avisa: "Cuando sean las once


o-ñepyrũ -taProspective Aspect hínaEmphasis on prospective event la músika a-hendu-ka-sé -vaRelativizer 'va' ndéve.
3Sg-begin -Prosp Emph Def.Det music 1Sg-listen-Caus-Des -Rel 2Sg.Pron.IO

the music that I want to make you listen to will begin."

va a empezar la música que te quiero hacer escuchar."


Upéi-ngo ro-kay’u, are ro-kay’u ha ro-ñẽ’ẽ ro-ína.Continuative (lengthens the events)
Then-FOC 1Pl-drink.mate some.time 1Pl.Excl-drink.mate Conj 1Pl.Excl-talk 1Pl.Excl-Cont

Then we drank mate; for some time we drank mate and talked (for a long time).

Y después tomamos mate; durante un tiempo largo tomamos mate y conversamos (por mucho tiempo).


Upéi katu ro-je-deha la kay’ú-gui,
Then Emph 1Pl-Refl-leave Def.Det drink.mate-Prep

Then we stopped drinking mate,

Después sí que nos dejamos del mate,


ha no-ro-sená-i, ro-ha’arõ hínaContinuative la músika.
Conj Neg-1Pl.Excl-have.dinner-Neg 1Pl-wait Cont Def.Det music

and we didn’t have dinner; we were waiting for the music.

y no cenamos, estábamos esperando la música.


Hasý-pe-ngo la ónse sapý’a.
Tired-Loc-FOC Def.Det eleven suddenly

And finally, it was suddenly eleven o’clock.

Y a las cansadas, finalmente llegó las once.


Ro-pu’ã ha che-gueraha peteĩ kahõ -há-pe,Locational Relative Pronoun 'ha'
1Pl-get.up Conj 1Sg.Obj-take one [funerary.]urn 3Sg-exist -Rel.Loc

We got up and he took me where there was a funerary urn,

Nos levantamos y me llevó donde estaba un cajón,


nimbo upéa la o-guenohẽ va’ekue ra'eMatrix clause, to the right of relative clause, narrator oriented la i-konpádre Vito ndíve:
Part that Def.Det 3Sg-arrive Rel.Distal Evid Def.Det 3.Poss-friend Vito with

It turns out that it was what he had taken out with his friend Victor [narrator discovers]:

Había sido eso era lo que había sacado con su compadre Vito:


henyhẽ-te-pype la kritiáno kangue-kue.
full-Superl-Part Def.Det Christian bone-former

it was full of former Christian bones.

estaba llenito de huesos de cristianos.


Upéi ro-ñe-mboja mbegue katu la i-máta-pe.
Then 1Pl-Refl-get.close slowly FOC Def.Det 3.Poss-shrub-Loc

Then we slowly got closer to the shrub.

Después nos acercamos lentamente al arbusto [al lugar].


A-j-apysa-ka porã ha a-hendu "chĩi!" he’i -vaRelativizer 'va' peteĩ hendá-pe.
1Sg-Refl-ear-Caus well Conj 1Sg-hear chii! 3Sg.say -Rel one place-Loc

I listened well and heard "chii!", it said in one place.

Presté bien oído y oí "chĩi!", decía en un lugar.


Ha upéi la ótro kahõ ekína-pe "chĩi!" he’i jey.
Conj then Def.Det another urn corner-Loc chii! 3Sg.say again

And then in the other corner of the urn "chii!", it said again.

Y luego en la otra esquina del cajón "chĩi!", decía de nuevo.


O-ñe-pyrũ o-ño-mbohovái la upéicha he’í -va:Relativizer 'va'
3Pl-Refl-begin 3Pl-Rec-reciprocate Def.Det that.way 3Pl.say -Rel

They began to echo one another, the ones saying

Empezó a corresponderse los que decían


"chĩi!" ápe, "chĩi!" amo, pe mbyté-pe.
chii! here chii! there Det.Det middle-Loc

"chĩi!" here, there, and in between.

"chĩi!" acá, "chĩi!" allá, en el medio.


Heta-ve, heta-ve o-hó-vo la káva o-ñe’ẽ-joá-va upéicha.
Lots-more lots-more 3Pl-go-Simult Def.Det wasp 3Pl-Refl-together-Hab that.way

Each time lots more and more were buzzing all together in that way.

Cada vez más y más avispas que iban zumbando juntas así.


Ha’e-te ku o-sẽ-se-tereí -va:Relativizer 'va' hikuái.
3Pl.Cop-Superl Dem 3Pl-go.out-Des-excess -Rel 3Pl.Pron.Subj

It seemed that those were the ones that wanted so much to get out.

Parecía esas [not visible] que demasiado querían salir.


O-ĩ o-ñe’ẽ po’i-mí -va,Relativizer 'va' po’i rusú -va,Relativizer 'va'
3Pl-exist 3Pl-talk narrow-Dim -Rel narrow-medium -Rel

There were those that buzzed low-pitch, those that buzzed medium-pitch,

Hay de las que zumbaban finito, otras mediano,


o-ñe’ẽ pyrusú -va,Relativizer 'va' opáicha-gua o-ĩ.
3Pl-talk acute -Rel all.types-Source 3Pl-exist

those that buzzed high-pitch, there were all types.

otras [que zumbaban] agudo, de toda clase había.


Ha’e-te la o-farrea mba’e -vaRelativizer 'va' la i-káva kuéra
3Pl.Cop-Superl Def.Det 3Pl-party thing -Rel Def.Det 3-wasp Pl

It appears that there were very many of the wasps that were partying

Parecía que eran muchas las avispas que farreaban


la kahõ guasu ryepý-pe.
Def.Det urn big inside-Loc

inside the big urn.

dentro del cajón grande.


Are upe hagué-peLocational Relative Pronoun 'ha' ningo peteĩ ka’arú-pe
Some.time Dem Sub.TermAsp-Loc FOC one afternoon-Loc

It was much after that one afternoon

Desde ese tiempo lejano una tarde


a-ha a-ínaPresent Continuative peteĩ anhelíto ñeñotỹ-háme,
1Sg-go 1Sg.Cont one angel burial-place

I was going to the funeral of an angel,

me iba al entierro de un angelito,


ha o-sẽ karai Leokádio che rendá-pe
Conj 3Sg-go.out Mr. Leokádio 1Sg-place-Loc

and Mr. Leokadio came out with me

y salió el señor Leokadio junto a mí


(ñai-mo’ã ku oi-ko’í-va, hova cha’ĩ-mba) ha he’i chéve:
1Pl-believe Dem 3Sg-exist-Hab face wrinkle-all Conj 3Sg.say 1Sg.Pron.IO

(we think that he lives badly, with a wrinkled face), and he said:

(creemos que ese vive mal, con la cara arrugada), y me dijo:


——Ja-’e va'ekueDistal Perfect Aspect ningo la che róga a-vendé -taProspective Aspect ha’óra,
——1Pl-say Asp.Distal FOC Def.Det 1Sg.Poss house 1Sg-sell -Prosp time

"We said long ago that when the time comes to sell my house,

"Dijimos hace tiempo, que a la hora de vender mi casa,


ndéve a-ofrese Covert Direct Object Pronoun raẽ va’erã -haSubordinate 'ha'
2Sg.Pron.IO 1Sg-offer 3.Pron.DO first Mod -Sub

I should offer [it] to you first."

a vos te [la] tenía que ofrecer primero."


——Hẽe, upéicha va'ekue.Distal Perfect Aspect
——Yes that.way Asp.Distal

"Yes, it was that way then."

"Sí, así fué."


——Ha mba’eicha-pa rei-me?
——Conj how-Q 2Sg-exist

"And how are you?"

"Y cómo estás?"


——Che-rasy ningo ha che reindy che-gueraha-se h-óga-pe
——1Sg-ill FOC Conj 1Sg.Poss sister 1Sg.Obj-take-Des 3.Poss-house-Loc

"I am sick and my sister wants to take me to her house

"Estoy enfermo y mi hermana quiere llevarme a su casa


o-ñatende [oñangareko] haguãIrrealis Subordinator 'ha' che-rehe.
3Sg-take.care Sub.Irr 1Sg-Obl.Pl

to take care of me."

para cuidarme."


——A-jú -taProspective Aspect ne rendá-pe ãga ña-ñe’ẽ haguãIrrealis Subordinator 'ha' ——ha’e chupe.
——1Sg-come -Prosp 2Sg.Poss place-Loc now 1Pl.Incl-talk Sub.Irr ——3Sg.say 3.Pron.IO

"I will come to your place to talk," he said to him.

"Voy a venir junto a vos ahora para conversar," le dijo.


Ha upe rire a-ha jey la h-óga-pe
Conj then after 1Sg-go again Def.Det 3.Poss-house-Loc

And then I went back again to his house

Y después fui otra vez a su casa


ha o-mombe’u-pa chéve la o-jehu va’ekue chupe.
Conj 3Sg-tell-Compl 1Sg.Pron.IO Def.Det 3Sg-happen Rel.Distal 3.Pron.IO

and he told me everything that had happened to him.

y me contó todo lo que le había pasado.


Ijypy-(gua)rã ndajeReportative Evidential 'ndaje' o-guenohẽ hikuái i-konpádre ndive ra'eMatrix clause, narrator oriented
3Sg.start-Irr Report.Evid 3Pl-take.out 3Pl.Pron.Subj 3.Poss-friend with Evid

It is said that, to start with, they had taken out with his friend

Se dice que, para comenzar, habían sacado con su compadre, había sido que,


pe kahõ o-hecha-ka va’ekue chéve, tenyhẽ-te-pype kritiáno kangue.
Dem urn 3Sg-see-Caus Rel.Distal 1Sg.Pron.IO full-Superl-Part Christian bones

that urn that he had shown me, full of Christian bones.

ese cajón que me había mostrado, muy lleno de huesos humanos.


O-ño-mboja’o hese hikuái mbyte rupi.
3Pl-Rec-get.together 3.Pron.Obl 3Pl.Pron.Subj half Prep

They split [the bones] in two.

Se repartieron [esos huesos] por la mitad.


Vito o-gueraha la alamitã-re h-óga-pe,
Vito 3Sg-take Def.Det half-Obl 3.Poss-house-Loc

Vito took half to his house,

Vito llevó a su casa la mitad,


ha karai Leokádio la alamitã avei h-óga-pe, la kahõ reheve.
Conj Mister Leokádio Def.Det half also 3.Poss-house-Loc Def.Det urn with

and Mr. Leokádio also [took] the other half to his house, with the [funeral] urn.

y el señor Leokadio la otra mitad llevó también a su casa, con el cajón.


O-guereko Covert Direct Object Pronoun ndajeReportative Evidential 'ndaje' are h-óga-pe,
3Sg-have 3.Pron.DO Report.Evid long.time 3.Poss-house-Loc

It is said that he had [them = the bones] a long time in his house,

Se dice que [los] tuvo mucho tiempo en su casa [= los huesos],


ha oi-ko pype la káva o-ñe’ẽ -vaRelativizer 'va' la ónse-rõ, káda pyhare.
Conj 3Sg-exist Part Def.Det urn 3Pl-talk -Rel Def.Det eleven-Cond each evening

and the wasps buzzed inside the urn each evening.

y estaban dentro del cajón las avispas que zumbaban a las once, cada noche.


Ha peteĩ pyharé-pe ndajeReportative Evidential 'ndaje' n-o-ñe’ẽi la i-káva
Conj one evening-Loc Report.Evid Neg-3Pl-talk-Neg Def.Det 3.Poss-urn

And one night it is said that the wasps were no longer buzzing

Y una noche se dice que no zumbaron las avispas


ha upé ko’ẽrõ-icha na-i-ko’ẽ-i la kahõ guasu, kangue-kue ryru.
Conj then next.day-like Neg-3Sg-dawn-Neg Def.Det urn big bones-former container

and then like the next day, the big urn, the container of what had been bones, was no longer there.

y después como al día siguiente no amaneció el gran cajón, recipiente que fueron de los huesos.


Are o-heka Covert Direct Object Pronoun ha upéi o-je-deha.
long.time 3Sg-search 3.Pron.DO Conj then 3Sg-Refl-leave

He looked for [it] for a long time and then he stopped looking.

Mucho tiempo [lo] buscó y después dejó [de buscar].


Ha peteĩ sávado ndajeReportative Evidential 'ndaje' o-u hendá-pe i-konpádre,
Conj one Saturday Report.Evid 3Sg-come place-Loc 3.Poss-friend

And one Saturday, it is said, his friend came to his place,

Y un sábado, se dice que, vino junto a él su compadre,


o-mombe’u chupe o-hecha -haSubordinate 'ha' jepi peteĩ yvy kandú-pe la hendý -vaRelativizer 'va'
3Sg-tell 3.Pron.IO 3Sg-see -Sub frequently one earth mount-Loc Def.Det light -Rel

and he told him that he frequently sees something that lightens up on a mount of earth.

y le contó que ve siempre en un montículo de tierra lo que se enciende (llamas de fuego).


O-ho mokõi-vé -vaRelativizer 'va' oi-ty-[u]ka la préva,
3Pl-go twice-more -Rel 3Pl-throw-Caus Def.Det proofs

And they both went to have their cards thrown,

Se fueron los para hacer echar la prueba (las cartas),


ha o-sẽ o-jupe hikuái: i-katú -taProspective Aspect o-ho o-ño-ndive o-jo’o.
Conj 3Sg-go.out 3Sg-find 3Pl.Pron.Subj 3Pl-can -Prosp 3Pl-go 3Pl-Rec-with 3Pl-dig

and it came out for both: they can go dig together.

y le salió a los dos: pueden ir juntos a cavar.


O-ho o-sonda ndajeReportative Evidential 'ndaje'
3Pl-go 3Pl-explore Report.Evid

It is said they went to explore

Se fueron para sondear [explorar]


ha peteĩ ñuatĩ chyryry guý-pe o-juhu la o-juhú -va.Relativizer 'va'
Conj one thorn dry under-Loc 3Pl-find Def.Det 3Pl-find -Rel

and under a dry thorn they found what they found.

y debajo de una espina seca encontraron lo que encontraron.


O-ñe-moĩ o-jo-pyru hikuái ha o-jo’o.
3Pl-Refl-put 3Pl-dig-succeed 3Pl.Pron.Subj Conj 3Pl-dig

And they dug taking turns.

Se pusieron por turno y cavaron.


O-jo’o-vé-rõ o-jo’o-ve ha nd-o-juhú-i mba’e-ve.
3Pl-dig-more-Cond 3Pl-dig Conj Neg-3Pl-find-Neg thing-more

When they dug and dug, they did not find anything.

Cavaron y cavaron más y no encontraron nada.


Upéi ndajeReportative Evidential 'ndaje' pe yvykuá-pe o-hetũ Leokádio la i-né -va.Relativizer 'va'
Then Report.Evid Dem well-Loc 3Sg-smell Leokádio Def.Det 3.Poss-bad.smell -Rel

And then it is said Leokádio smelled something that smelled bad.

Y después se dice que en el pozo olió Leokadio lo que olía mal.


Upépe ndajeReportative Evidential 'ndaje' i-serrado-ve ha’e.
There.Loc Report.Evid 3Sg-persistent-more 3Sg.Pron

It is said that at that point he got more persistent.

Ahí, se dice que se puso más persistente él.


Ha i-konpádre o-guenohẽ hínaPast Continuative la yvy rondána-pe.
Conj 3.Poss-friend 3Sg-take.out Cont Def.Det earth sheave-Loc

And his friend was taking out the earth with a sheave.

Y su compadre estaba sacando la tierra con la roldana.


O-sonda jey ha o-juhu jey la hatã -va,Relativizer 'va' la kambuchi.
3Pl-attempt again Conj 3Pl-find again Def.Det hard -Rel Def.Det container

And then they attempted again, and they found something hard again, the container.

Sondearon otra vez y encontraron devuelta lo duro, el cántaro.


Ha upéi ndaje,Reportative Evidential 'ndaje' hasý-pe, pe ónse metroha rupi,
Conj then Report.Evid difficult-Loc Dem eleven meters around

And then, it is said, finally, about around eleven meters,

Y después, se dice que, a las cansadas, a unos once metros por ahí,


O-mboape vera Leokádio la kambuchi tuicha-itereí -va,Relativizer 'va' peteĩ, la yvykuá-pe.
3Sg-cover bright Leokádio Def.Det container big-Superl -Rel one Def.Det well-Loc

Leokádio visualizes one biggest container, in the well.

Visualiza Leokádio un enorme cántaro, en el pozo.


Ha o-mongu’e ndajeReportative Evidential 'ndaje' ha’e
Conj 3Sg-move Report.Evid 3.Pron

And it is said that he moved the container

Y se dice que movió él [el cántaro]


ha he’i i-ñi-rũ-me o-hupi haguãIrrealis Subordinator 'ha' chupe. Overt Direct Object (DO) Pronoun
Conj 3Sg.say 3.Poss-Pref-friend-Loc 3Sg-raise Sub.Irr 3.Pron.DO

and told his friend to raise [the container].

y le dijo a su compañero para que le alze (el cántaro).


Ha o-jupi la kambuchi i-pó-pe o-ú-vo,
Conj 3Sg-go.up Def.Det container 3.Poss-hand-Loc 3Sg-come-Asp.Goal

And he was coming up with the container in his hand,

Y venía subiendo el cántaro en su mano,


ha pe o-sẽ-vo ndaje,Reportative Evidential 'ndaje' o-mombo la kambuchi oká-pe,
Conj Dem 3Sg-go.out-Simult Report.Evid 3Sg-throw.out Def.Det container out-Loc

and it is said that when he came out, he threw out the container.

y al salir, dice que, tiró el cántaro afuera.


ha upe-vo o-ú-mi hese peteĩ ára
Conj Dem-Simult 3Sg-come-Dim 3.Pron.Obl one day

And at that point one day came

Y en ese punto un día le vino


vera tuicha itereí -va,Relativizer 'va' pe yvy guio.
bright big Superl -Rel Loc earth towards

very big lightning towards the earth

un enorme relámpago desde hacia la tierra.


Pytũ-mby-eté-pe o-pyta, oi-ty chupe Overt Direct Object (DO) Pronoun ovayvávo,
Dark-middle-Superl-Loc 3Pl-stay 3Sg-throw 3.Pron.DO face.up

They remained completely in the dark, [the lightning] threw Leokádio backwards,

Se quedaron totalmente en la oscuridad, [el rayo] le echó [a Leokadio] de espalda,


ha o-mbota ndajeReportative Evidential 'ndaje' la i-núnka peteĩ válde rembé-re.
Conj 3Sg-hit Report.Evid Def.Det 3.Poss-neck one bucket rim-Obl

and he hit his neck on the rim of the bucket.

y se dice que se golpeó la nuca por el borde del balde.


Ha la kambuchi o-jeka la pytũ-mbý-pe, la yvy apyté-pe.
Conj Def.Det container 3Sg-break Def.Det dark-middle-Loc Def.Det earth middle-Loc

And the container broke in the darkness, inside the earth.

Y el cántaro se quebró en la oscuridad, dentro de la tierra.


Upé-gui ndajeReportative Evidential 'ndaje' Vito nd-oi-kuaa-vé-i la o-japo va’erã
Dem-Prep Report.Evid Vito Neg-3Sg-know-more-Neg Def.Det 3Sg-do Mod

And it is said that thereof, Vito did not know what he should do

Y se dice que de ahí Vito no supo que tenía que hacer


ha o-gueraha i-konpádre-pe hóga-pe,
Conj 3Sg-take 3.Poss-friend-DOM 3.Poss-house-Loc

and he took his friend to his house,

y le llevó a su compadre a su casa,


ha hesarái upé-pe la kambuchi jeka-kué-gui.
Conj 3Sg.forget there-Loc Def.Det container break-former-Prep

and there he forgot about the broken container.

y se olvidó allí del cántaro roto.


(Nda-ha’é-i ra'eMatrix Clause, narrator oriented Leokádio mba’e-rã, ha ha’e o-guenohẽ-se katu-ete.)
(Neg-Cop-Neg Evid Leokádio thing-Irr Conj 3.Pron 3Sg-take-Des Mod-Superl)

It turns out that it was not for Leokádio, and he very much wanted to take it out.

No era, había sido, para Leokádio, y él demasiado quería sacarlo.


Upé -vaRelativizer 'va' oi-ko sávado pyhare.
Dem -Rel 3Sg-exist Saturday evening

That happened on Saturday evening.

Eso pasó el sábado a la noche.


Ha upe domíngo pyhareve ndajeReportative Evidential 'ndaje'
Conj Dem Sunday morning Report.Evid

And that Sunday morning, it is said,

Y ese domingo a la mañana, se dice que,


o-hasa o-hó-vo upé-rupi peteĩ varáha huga -haNominalizer 'ha' tuja.
3Sg-pass 3Sg-go-Simult Dem-around one cards play -Nom old

an old card player was passing through around there.

iba pasando por ahí un viejo jugador de naipes.


O-hecha ndajeReportative Evidential 'ndaje' la yvykua tuichá -vaRelativizer 'va' ha o-ñe-mboja o-maña upé-pe.
3Sg-see Report.Evid Def.Det well big -Rel Conj 3Sg-Refl-get.close 3Sg-look there-Dem

It is said that he saw a big well and he got close to look at it.

Vio, se dice que, el gran pozo y se acercó para mirar allí.


O-hecha ndajeReportative Evidential 'ndaje' pe hembére
3Sg-see Report.Evid Dem border

It is said that he saw that on the border

Vio, se dice que, en el borde


heta o-ĩ kavaju kangue, kuátro rupi, i-puku pukú -va.Relativizer 'va'
lots 3Pl-exist horse bone four around 3Pl-long long -Rel

there were many horse bones, around four, that were long, very long.

había mucho de huesos de caballo, cuatro por ahí, que eran largos, muy largos.


O-jagarra ndajeReportative Evidential 'ndaje' ha’e peteĩ o-gueraha
3Sg-grab Report.Evid 3.Pron one 3Sg-took

It is said that he [the card player] grabbed one

Se dice que agarró él [el jugador de naipes] uno


ha o-ho la trúko ra’ã-vo, la volícho gotyo.
Conj 3Sg-go Def.Det cards play-Goal Def.Det store towards

and went towards the store where they play cards.

y se fue donde juega el truco, hacía el boliche.


O-puka-pa ndajeReportative Evidential 'ndaje' hese hapicha kuéra la almacén-pe.
3Pl-laugh-Compl Report.Evid 3.Pron.Obl 3.Poss.peers Pl Def.Det store-Loc

It is said that his peers in the store laughed at him.

Todos, se dice que, se rieron de él sus amigos en el almacén.


Ha o-ĩ mokõi o-hugá -vaRelativizer 'va' hínaPast Continuative la varáha.
Conj 3Pl-exist two 3Pl-play -Rel Cont Def.Det card

And two were playing cards.

Y estaban dos jugando a las cartas.


Ha ——e-jú-py ja-huga, e-jú-py ja-huga!
Conj ——Imp-come-Part 1Pl.Incl-play Imp-come-Part 1Pl.Incl-play

And "Come, we will play cards, come, we will play cards!"

Y "Vení pués vamos a jugar, vení vamos a jugar!"


——he’í -maAspect/Focalizer '-ma' voiFocalizer Particle 'voi' chupe peteĩ,
——3Sg.say -Asp FOC 3.Pron.IO one.Subj

one (of them) said to him.

le dijo uno de ellos.


O-ho ha’e o-huga.
3Sg-go 3.Pron 3Sg-play

And he went to play.

Y él se fue a jugar.


Ha o-mboguejy la mesa ári la i-kavaju kangue.
Conj 3Sg-put.down Def.Det table on Def.Det 3.Poss-horse bone

And he put down on the table his horse bone.

Y bajo encima de la mesa su hueso del caballo.


Upéi káda huégo o-perde, ha o-só -ma.Aspect/Focalizer '-ma'
Then each game 3Sg-lose Conj 3Sg-without.money -Asp

Then he lost each game, and he ended with no money.

Después perdió cada juego, y ya se quedó sin plata.


Nd-oi-kuaa-vé-i -ma.Aspect/Focalizer '-ma' mba’ére-pa o-hugá -ta.Prospective Aspect Ha:
Neg-3Sg-know-more-Neg -Asp thing-all 3Sg-play -Prosp Conj

He no longer knew what to play for. And:

Ya no sabía por qué cosa jugar. Y:


——Ja-huga ko che kavaju kangué-re ——he’i la i-ñ-iru-me.
——1Pl.Incl-play Dem 1Sg.Poss horse bone-Obl ——3Sg.say Def.Det 3.Poss-Pref-friend

"Let’s play for this horse bone," he said to his friend.

"Vamos a jugar por este mi hueso de caballo," le dijo a su amigo.


——Péa-re ja-hugá -taProspective Aspect -rõ mante ja-huga-vé -ta.Prospective Aspect
——Dem-Obl 1Pl.Incl-play -Prosp -Cond FOC 1Pl.Incl-more -Prosp

"If we are going to bet on this, then we can keep playing."

"Si vamos a jugar por éste vamos a seguir jugando."


——Ja-huga ——he’i chupe la ótro.
——1Pl.Incl-play ——3Sg.say 3.Pron.IO Def.Det other

"Let’s play," the other [guy] said to him.

"Vamos a jugar," le dijo el otro.


——Mboy huégo-pe-pa?
——How.many game-Loc-Q

"How many games?"

"Cuántos juegos?"


——Ha tanto píka-pe.
——Conj as.many win-Loc

"And as many as [I] win."

"Y tanto como gane"


Ha la karia’y o-ñe-moĩ o-perde, o-perde voi.Focalizer Particle 'voi'
Conj Def.Det guy 3Sg-Refl-put 3Sg-lose 3Sg-lose FOC

And the guy started to lose and lose.

Y el muchacho se puso a perder y perder.


Ha pe o-perde-pa pota-ite jave, o-ñe-mono’õ Covert Direct Object Pronoun jey.
Conj Dem 3Sg-lose-Compl about-Superl at.moment 3Sg-Refl-gather 3.Pron.DO again

And when he was about to lose, he gathered [them = the cards] again.

Y como cuando ya estaba por [a punto de] perder todo, [las] juntó otra vez.


Ha o-ño-npata hikuái, ha ka’arú -ma,Aspect/Focalizer '-ma' i-ñembyahýi -maAspect/Focalizer '-ma' hikuái.
Conj 3Pl-Rec-tie 3Pl.Pron.Subj Conj afternoon -Asp 3.Poss-hunger -Asp 3Pl.Pron.Subj

And they were tied, and it was already afternoon, and they were hungry.

Y se empataron ellos, y ya era de tarde, ya tuvieron hambre ellos.


Upé -maAspect/Focalizer '-ma' -rõ opi la varáha-gui.
Dem -Asp -Cond stop Def.Det card-Prep

Then when they stopped [playing] cards.

Cuando entonces cesaron [escamparon] de la baraja.


——la nde kavaju kangué-ngo ña-mombo vaerã mante o-vale
——Def.Det 2Sg.Poss horse bone-FOC 1Pl-throw Mod FOC 3Pl-worth

"Your horse bones are useful only to throw them away,"

"Los huesos de tu caballo para tirar solamente sirven,"


——he’i chupe hikuái.
——3Pl.say 3.Pron.IO 3Pl.Pron.Subj

they told him.

le dijeron ellos.


O-pa la huégo, o-jagarra ha’e la i-kavaju kangue,
3Sg-finish Def.Det game 3Sg-grab 3.Pron Def.Det 3.Poss-horse bone

He finished the game, he grabbed his horse’s bone,

Terminó el juego, agarró su hueso de caballo,


ha o-ho h-óga-pe i-patrõ róga-pe nga’u;
Conj 3Sg-go 3.Poss-house-Loc 3.Poss-boss house-Loc supposedly

and went to his house, or his boss’s house, supposedly;

y se fue a su casa, o sea en la casa de su patrón;


ha’e oi-ko i-patrõ róga-pe-nte voiFocalizer Particle 'voi' ra'e.Matrix Clause, narrator's realization
3.Pron 3Sg-exist 3.Poss-boss house-Loc-only FOC Evid

he actually lives in his boss’s house, it turns out.

él vive en la casa de su patrón luego, había sido.


O-guahẽ ndajeReportative Evidential 'ndaje' la óga-pe, ha o-mombó-vo Covert Direct Object Pronoun la kosina ekína-pe,
3Sg-arrive Report.Evid Def.Det house-Loc Conj 3Sg-throw-Simult 3.Pron.DO Def.Det kitchen corner-Loc

He arrived, it is said, at the house, and he threw [it = the bone] in a corner of the kitchen;

Llegó, se dice que, a la casa, y al tirar[lo = el hueso] en una esquina de la cocina;


o-hendu "mbrim!" i-pu la i-kavaju kangue.
3Sg-hear mbrim! 3.Poss-sound Def.Det 3.Poss-horse bone

he heard "mbrim!", the horse’s bone’s sound.

escuchó "mbrim!", el sonido del hueso de su caballo.


O-ñe-mondýi, o-ho o-gueru machete, oi-karãi pype ha o-juhu o-mimbí:
3Sg-Refl-fear 3Sg-go 3Sg-bring machete 3Sg-scratch Part Conj 3Sg-find 3Sg-shine

He was frightened, he went to bring a machete, he scratched with it and found [something] shining:

Se asustó, se fue a traer un machete, raspó con él y encontró que brillaba:


[nimbo] óro meme-te nimbo ra'eMatrix, declarative, narrator oriented la i-kavaju kangue!
[Part] gold habitually-Superl Part Evid Def.Det 3.Poss-horse bone

It was all gold, it turns out, the horse’s bone!

Era todo oro, había sido, el hueso del caballo!


Upé-pe ndajeReportative Evidential 'ndaje' la i-patrõ o-u avei o-hecha
Dem-Loc Report.Evid Def.Det 3.Poss-boss 3Sg-come also 3Sg-see

And there, it is said, the boss also came to see

Y ahí, se dice que, el patrón vino también a ver


ha o-porandu chupe moõ-pa o-juhu ∅:Covert Direct Object Pronoun
Conj 3Sg-ask 3.Pron.IO where-Q 3Sg-find 3.Pron.DO

and asked him where he had found [it = the horse’s bone].

y le preguntó dónde [lo] había encontrado [= el hueso].


——Kuátro a-juhu kuriRetrospective Aspect 'kuri' peteĩ yvy-kua rembé-re ——he’i chupe la karia’y.
——Four 1Sg-find Retrosp.Asp one well border-Obl ——3Sg.say 3.Pron.IO Def.Det guy

"Four I found on the border [edge] of the well," the guy told him.

"Cuatro encontré en el borde de un pozo," le dijo el muchacho.


——Te-re-ho pya’e [t]e-ru-pa ñandéve umi re-heja va’ekue!
——Imp-2Sg-go fast Imp-bring-Compl 1Pl.Pron.IO that 2Sg-leave Rel.Distal

"Go fast to bring us all that you left!"

"Vete rápido a traernos todo eso que dejaste!"


——he’i chupe la i-patrõ.
——3Sg.say 3.Pron.IO Def.Det 3.Poss-boss

his boss said to him.

le dijo su patrón.


Ha o-ho jeý-rõ guarã la o-gueru-pa haguã,Irrealis Subordinator 'ha'
Conj 3Sg-go again-Cond purpose.Sub Def.Det 3Sg-bring-Compl Sub.Irr

And when he went back to bring it all back,

Y cuando se fue de vuelta para traer todo,


nd-o-juhu-vé-i -maAspect/Focalizer '-ma' ni peteĩ la kavaju kangue.
Neg-3Sg-find-more-Neg -Asp not.even one Def.Det horse bone

he no longer found anything, not even one horse’s bone.

ya no encontró ningún hueso del caballo.