Funded by NSF BCS-1917619
money earth-under owner 3-Refl-feel-caus
Hover over Guaraní morphemes written in purple to see their syntactic function.
Audio for Story #13:
O-ñe-mbyatý-mi | vaerã | ningo | yma | heta | arriéro | la | ore | róga-pe. |
3-Refl-get.togeter-Dim | Mod | FOC | time.ago | many | men | Def.Det [Sp] | 1Pl.Excl.Poss | house-Loc |
Many men used to get together in our house a long time ago.
Se solían juntar hace tiempo muchos hombres en nuestra casa.
Heta | voíngoFocalizer Particle 'voi' | che | chekyvy | va'ekue. |
Many | FOC | 1Sg.Pro | brothers | Asp.Distal |
I had many brothers.
Yo tenía luego muchos hermanos.
Umía | la | heta | i-júnta-va. |
Those | Def.Det [Sp] | many | 3Pos-friend-Rel. |
Those did have many friends.
Esos sí que tenían muchos amigos (yunta).
Ha | óga-gui | o-ho | jepi | hikuái | o-jo’ó-vo | pláta-yvy-guy |
Conj | house-from.Prep | 3-go | frequently | 3.Pron.Pl | 3-dig-goal | treasure |
And they used to leave the house to go dig for treasure...
Y de casa solían salir ellos para ir a cavar tesoro...
la | vía | kósta-re, | márte | kue | ha | viérne | kue. |
Def.Det [Sp] | road | side-Obl | Tuesday | former | Conj | Friday | former |
...at the side of the road last Tuesday and Friday.
...al costado de la vía, martes pasado y viernes pasado.
Ha | Agui | la | o-ñembo’árte-va. |
Conj | Agustin | Def.Det [Sp] | 3-did.art-Rel |
And Agustin was the one who made art out of it.
Y Agustín fue el que hizo de esto un arte.
Ha’e | oi-kuaa | aipo | tataindy | karai | re-myendy | vaerã | -haSubordinate 'ha' | pono |
3Pron | 3-know | Dem | fire | blessed | 2Sg-light | Mod | -Sub | So.that |
He knew that you must light a blessed candle so that neither the owner...
Él sabía que debe encenderse una vela bendita para que el dueño...
la | pláta | jára | ni | demonio | o-guahẽ | o-ñe-mo-tie’ỹ. |
Def.Det [Sp] | money | owner | nor | devil | 3-arrive | 3-Refl-Caus-fright |
...of the treasure nor the devil appear to frighten (them).
...del tesoro ni el demonio aparezcan a asustar (ser atrevido, grosero).
O-ñe-mo-arandu | la | otro | kuéra-pe | Agui, |
3-Refl-Caus-knowledge | Def.Det [Sp] | other | Pl-Loc | Agustin, |
Agustin was the know-all for the others,
Era Agustín el sabelotodo para los otros,
ha | o-ho | jepi | o-myendy | ha’e | la | tataindy | la | yvy.kua | kósta-re. |
Conj | 3-go | frequently | 3-light | 3Pro | Def.Det [Sp] | candle | Def.Det [Sp] | hole | side-Obl |
and frequently he went to light the candle near the hole.
y solía ir él a encender las velas cerca del hoyo.
Siéte | tataindy | o-myendy | la | umi | otro | o-sonda | ha | o-jo’o | aja. |
Seven | candles | 3-light | Def.Det [Sp] | Dem | others | 3-search | Conj | 3-dig | while. |
He lit seven candles while the others searched and dug.
Siete velas encendía mientras los demás buscaban y cavaban.
Ha | Agui | o-ñembo’e | la | tataindy | rendý-pe | hína,Continuative, independently of 'hína', puts emphasis on 'tataindy rendý-pe' | mombyry-mi | la | viá-gui. |
Conj | Agustin | 3-pray | Def.Det [Sp] | candle | lit-Loc | Emph, | far-Dim | Def.Det [Sp] | road-from.Prep |
And Agustin was praying with the lit candles, a little away from the road.
Y Agustín estaba rezando con las velas encendidas, un poco lejos de la vía.
Upéi | nimbo | o-u | hínaContinuative | ra'eMatrix, narrator (speaker) oriented | heta | kavaju | ari-gua | la | pueblo-gui, | la | vía | yké-pe. |
After | Part | 3-come | Cont | Evid | many | horses | on-source | Def.Det [Sp] | town-from.Prep | Def.Det [Sp] | train-rail | side-Loc. |
Then it turns out many were coming on horse-back from the town, at the side of the road.
Después había sido que estaban viniendo muchos montando a caballo del pueblo, al costado de la vía.
Ha | Agui | o-hendu | la | kavaju | py-ambu | ha | la | o-ñe’ẽ-va | o-ú-vo. |
Conj | Agustin | 3-hear | Def.Det [Sp] | horse | foot-noise | Conj | Def.Det [Sp] | 3-say-Rel | 3-come-Simul |
And Agustin heard horse’s hoof and of some that were talking as they came.
Y Agustín escuchó el ruido de los pasos de los caballos y de algunos que venían hablando.
Ha’e | o-kyhyje-terei-ve | umi | otro-gui. |
3Pro | 3-fear-Superl-more | Dem | other-from.Prep |
He was much more afraid than the others.
Él tenía mucho más miedo que los demás [que esos otros].
Upé-pe | ha’e | hatã-ve | o-ñembo’e | pórke | oi-mo’ã | la | Mariskal | Lópe | ehérsito | -ma | la | o-ñe-mbojá-va | hese | o-hó-vo. |
There-Loc | 3.Pro | strong-more | 3-pray | because | 3-believe | Def.Det [Sp] | Mariscal | Lopez | troop | -Asp | Def.Det [Sp] | de-Refl-get.close-Rel | 3Pro.Obl | 3-go-Simult |
There he prayed more strongly because he thought that the troops of Mariscal Lopez were getting close to them.
Allí él rezó más fuerte porque creyó que era el ejército del Mariscal López era lo que ya se le acercaba.
Heta | la | kavaju | ari-gua | o-u | o-pyta | peteĩ | ráha | atýra | rovái, |
Many | Def.Det [Sp] | horse | on-source | 3-come | 3-stay | one | slits | pile | front, |
Many riders came to stop in front of the firewood pile.
Muchos jinetes venían a quedarse frente de un montículo de rajas.
o-kirirĩ-mba | ha | o-maña | hikuái | la | tataindy | hendy | joá-va | hínaContinuative | rehe. |
3-silent-all | Conj | 3-look | 3.Pron.Pl | Def.Det [Sp] | fire | light | together-Rel | Cont. | Obl.P. |
Everyone kept silent and looked at the bunch of lit candles.
Todos guardaron silencio y miraron por el montón de velas que estaban encendidas.
Nd-oi-kuaái | mba’é-pa | la | oi-kó-va | upé-pe. |
Neg-3-know | what-Q | Def.Det [Sp] | 3-exist-Rel | there-Loc |
They did not know what was happening there.
No sabían lo que estaba pasando allí.
O-hecha | la | karai’i-mi | o-ñesῦ-va | hínaContinuative | la | tataindy | kuéra | renondé-pe. |
3-saw | Def.Det [Sp] | men-Dim | 3-kneel-Rel | Cont. | Def.Det [Sp] | candle | Pl | in.front.of-Loc |
They saw a guy that was kneeling in front of the candles.
Vieron a un señorcito que estaba arrodillado frente a las velas.
O-kyhyje | avei | hikuái | la | o-hechá-va-gui; | oi-mo’ã | hikuái | pláta-yvy-guy | ra'e.Embedded, matrix subject oriented (hikuái 'they') - implicit copular structure (with no overt copula) |
3-fear | also | 3.Pron.Pl | Def.Det [Sp] | 3-see-Rel-from.Prep; | 3-believe | 3Pl.Subj | hidden.treasure | Evid |
They were also very afraid of what they saw; they believed that it was the hidden treasure (they realized).
Tenían miedo también ellos de lo que vieron; creyeron ellos que era tesoro escondido.
Ha | upéi | pe | ijapyté-gui-kuéra | o-sẽ | peteĩ | o-jagarra | la | ráha | pehẽ-ngue | guasu, |
Conj | then | Dem | middle-from.Prep-Pl | 3-come.out | one | 3-grab | Def.Det [Sp] | log | piece-former | big |
And from among them one came out and grabbed a big piece of log,
Y luego de entre ellos salió uno a agarrar un pedazo grande de raja,
ha | o-poi | la | tataindy | hendy | -haNominalizer 'ha' | gotyo: | Ple! [sound] |
Conj | 3-threw | Def.Det [Sp] | candle | lit | -Nom | towards | Ple! [sound] |
and he threw it towards where the lit candles were: ple!
y tiró hacia donde estaban las velas encendidas: ple!
Ndaje | peteĩ | garróte | o-poi | José | Domingo | –upéicha | héra | peteï-va | la | kavaju | ari-gua | ra'eMatrix, narrator oriented | –la | Agui | oĩ | -haLocational Relative Pronoun 'ha' | ypy-eté | -pe. |
Report.Evid | one | big.stick | 3-throw | José | Domingo | –that.way | name | one-Rel | Def.Det [Sp] | horse | on-Loc | Evid | -Def.Det [Sp] | Agustin | 3-exit | -Rel.Loc | close-Superl | -Loc |
It is said that José Domingo threw a big stick –that was the name of one of those coming on horseback, it turns out - right next to where Agui was.
Se dice que tiro un garrote José Domingo- así se llamaba uno de los que venían a caballo, había sido que-cerquita de donde estaba Agustín.
Ha | upé-pe | ndaje | Agui | ho’a-ite | vera | voi,Focalizer Particle 'voi' | i-j-atáke. |
Conj | there-Loc | Report.Evid | Agustin | 3.fall-Superl | suddenly | FOC, | 3-Refl-attack |
And there it is said that Augustin suddenly fell, he had an attack.
Y allí se dice que Agustín se cayó súbitamente, le dio su ataque.
Ha | la | kavaju | ari-gua-kuéra | o-hasa-pa. |
Conj | Def.Det [Sp] | horse | on-source-Pl | 3-pass-all |
And those on horseback all passed on.
Y los de a caballo pasaron todos.
Upéi | ndaje | la | Agui | irῦ-nguéra | o-u | o-juhu | chupe | o-jepyso | hínaContinuative | la | tataindy | kuéra | renondé-pe. |
Then | Report.Evid | Def.Det [Sp] | Agustin | friend-Pl | 3-come | 3-find | 3.Pron | 3-extended | Cont | Def.Det [Sp] | candle | Pl | front.of-Loc |
And then it is said that Augustin’s friends came and found him lying down in front of the candles.
Después se dice que los amigos de Augustin, llegaron y lo encontraron que estaba tendido frente a todas las velas.
I-j-atake | ndaje, | sin | poder | o-gueru-ve | la | i-pytu | ni | mba’eve. |
3.Poss-Refl-attack | Report.Evid, | without | Mod | 3-bring-more | Def.Det [Sp] | breath | nor | nothing |
With his attack, they say, without being able to recover his breath or anything.
Con su ataque, dicen que, sin poder recuperar el aliento, ni nada.
Ha | upé-pe | o-poi-pa | mante | i-ñ.irῦ-nguéra | la | pláta | je-heká-gui, |
Conj | there-Loc | 3-let.go-tot | after.all | 3Pos-friend-Pl | Def.Det [Sp] | money | pass-search-from.Prep |
And there his friends stopped looking for the treasure,
Y allí dejaron únicamente sus amigos de buscar el tesoro,
ha | o-hupi | hikuái | Aguí-pe | o-gueraha | chupe | la | mama | róga-pe. |
Conj | 3-pick.up | 3.Pron.Pl | Agustin-DOM | 3-take | 3.Pron | Def.Det [Sp] | mother | house-Loc |
...and they picked Agustin up and they took him to his mother’s house. [narrator’s mother’s house]
...y le alzaron ellos a Agustín lo llevaron la casa de mama.
Ha | nimbo | ha’e | nd-o-ké-i | voiFocalizer Particle 'voi' | hínaContinuative | ra'e.Matrix, narrator oriented |
Conj | Part | 3Pron.Subj | Neg-3-sleep | FOC | Cont | Evid |
And it turns out that he wasn’t sleeping.
Había sido que no estaba durmiendo luego.
O-hendu | la | o-ñe’ẽ joá-va | portón-pe: |
3-hear | Def.Det [Sp] | 3-speak-on.top-Rel | gate-Loc |
She heard those that were speaking (all at the same time) by the gate:
Escuchó a los que estaban hablando cerca del portón:
--Pe-avrí-ke | i-ja | haguãIrrealis Subordinator 'ha' | –o-hendu | he’í-rõ | peteĩ. |
--Imp.2Pl-open-Imp | 3Pos.enter | Sub.Purp | --3-hear | 3.say-Cond | one. |
"Open up so we can go in," she heard when one (of them) say.
--Abran para entrar - escuchó que dijo uno [de ellos].
--Pe-ñe-prende-porã-ke, | háke | che | che-poí-ta | chu-gui! | --he’i | otro. |
--Imp.2Pl-Refl-catch-well-Imp, | watch.out | 1Pron | 1Sg-let.go-Prosp | 3Pro-of | --3.say | another |
"Catch him well, watch out, I am about to let him go," said another.
Agárrenle bien, chake (cuidado) yo estoy por soltarle -dijo otro.
Ha | mama | oi-mo’ã | la | pláta | tuicha-itereí-va | ryru | ra'eEmbedded, matrix, subject oriented | la | o-guerahá-va | hínaContinuative | hikuái. |
Conj | mother | 3-believe | Def.Det [Sp] | money | big-too.much-Rel | container | Evid | Def.Det [Sp] | 3-take-Rel | Cont | 3.Pron.Pl |
And mother believed that it was the very big container that was the thing they were carrying.
Y mamá creyó que era el recipiente muy grande que contenía el tesoro lo que estaban llevando ellos.
Ha | o-gueru | la | o-guerú-va | o-moinge | hikuái | ha | o-mboguejy | peteĩ | vánko | puku | ári. |
Conj | 3-bring | Def.Det [Sp] | 3-bring-Rel | 3-put.in | 3.Pron.Pl | Conj | 3-put.down | one | bench | long | on |
And they brought what they had, they put it in and lowered it onto a long bench.
Y traían lo que traían lo metieron y lo bajaron sobre un banco largo.
“Visshh!” | he’i, | i-kane’õ | hikuái. |
Shh, | 3.say, | 3-tire | 3.Pron.Pl |
"Shh!" they said, tired.
“Visshh!” dijeron cansados ellos.
--Pe-rú-iko! | –he’i | ndaje | chupe-kuéra | mama. |
--3Pl-bring-Imp | --3.say | Report.Evid | 3.Pron-Pl | mother |
"They brought it," it is said that mother said.
--Trajeron! –les dijo mamá, dicen que.
Ha | lo | mitakaria’y | oi-mo’ã | oi-kuaá | -ma | mama | ra'eEmbedded, matrix subject oriented | la | o-jehu | vaekue | Aguí-pe. |
Conj | Def.Det [Sp] | guys | 3-believe | 3-know | -Asp | mother | Evid | Def.Det [Sp] | 3-happen | Temp.Distal | Augustin.DOM |
And the guys suspected that mother already knew what had happened to Agustin.
Y los muchachos creyeron que mamá ya sabía lo que le pasó a Agustín.
--Ro-gueru, | apéna | ite | ore-pu’aka | hese! | –he’i | chupe | hikuái. |
--1Pl.Excl-bring, | as.soon | Superl | 3Pl.Poss-strength | 3Pro.Obl | --3.say | 3.Pron | 3.Pron.Pl |
"We brought him, as soon as we had strength for him," they said (to her).
--¡Trajimos, apenas tuvimos fuerza por él! - les dijeron ellos.
--Imposívle! | –he’i | ndaje | mama | —hasy-peve | piko | pe-sẽ | chupe--, |
--Impossible | --3.say | Report.Evid | mother | –3.difficult.after | Expr | 2Pl-go.out | 3.Pron |
"Impossible!" it is said that mother said, "finally you got it out."
--Imposible – dice que les dijo mamá- al fin lo encontraron.
Ha | o-pu’ã | o-myendy | la | lámpara, |
Conj | 3-got.up | 3-light | Def.Det [Sp] | lamp |
And she got up to light the lamp,
Y se levanto a encender la lampara,
ha | o-sẽ-vo | la | okẽ-me | o-topa | Agui | morotĩ | sakã | la | hova | hínaEmphasis on NP 'la hova'. Event is not continuative. | la | vánko | ári-pe. |
Conj | 3-go.out-Simult | Def.Det [Sp] | door-Loc | 3-found | Agui | white | transparent | Def.Det [Sp] | face | Emph | Def.Det [Sp] | bench | on-Loc |
...and as she went to the door she found Agustin with a pale face.
y al salir a la puerta le encontró a Agustín con la cara pálida (blanca) sobre el banco.