Funded by NSF BCS-1917619
3-die Conj 3-come again Asp.Distal
Hover over Guaraní morphemes written in purple to see their syntactic function.
Audio for Story #15:
Pe | ovráhe | Fassardi, | San | Agustín-pe | ndaje, | oi-ko | petei | karai | i-ka’ú-va | voi. |
Dem | lumberyard | Fassardi, | San | Agustín-Loc | Report.Evid, | 3-exist | one | man | 3-drunk-Rel | Emph |
At that lumberyard Fassardi, in San Agustín, it is said there is a man who drank.
En ese obraje Fassardi, en San Agustín, se dice que había un hombre que tomaba.
Ha | o-sé | vaerã | ndaje | o-aperita | petei | kantína-pe | la | vía | kósta-re. |
Conj | 3-go.out | Mod | Report.Evid | 3-drink | one | bar-Loc | Def.Det [Sp] | track | side-Obl |
And, it is said, he had to go out to drink at a bar on the side of the train tracks.
Y, se dice que, tenía que salir a tomar a un bar al costado de la vía del tren.
Ha | peteĩ | diá-pe | o-sé | jeý | -ma | upé-pe | la | karai | o-aperita | hína.Emphasis on the verb. Not continuative. |
Conj | one | day-Loc | 3-go.out | again | -already | Dem-Loc | Def.Det [Sp] | man | 3-drink | Emph. |
And one day the man already went out again to drink there.
Y un día ya salió a tomar otra vez ahí el hombre.
Ha | upéi | pyharé | -ma | o-u | la | tren’i, | Fassardi | pueblo-pe | o-hó-va | hína.Past Continuative |
Conj | then | night | -Asp | 3-come | Det.Det | train-Dim, | Fassardi | town-Loc | 3-go-Simult | Cont |
And then one night the train came, it was going to the Fassardi town.
Y después ya una noche vino el tren, que se estaba yendo al pueblo Fassardi.
Ha | o-sẽ | la | karai | la | vía-pe, | o-jupi-se | la | tren’í-pe. |
Conj | 3-go.out | Def.Det [Sp] | man | Def.Det [Sp] | road-Loc | 3-get.on-Des | Def.Det [Sp] | train-Dim-Loc |
And the man went to the train tracks, he wanted to get on the train.
Y salió el hombre a la vía, quería subirse al tren.
Ha | la | tren | nd-o-pytá-i | chupe, | o-hasa | hatá | upé-rupi. |
Conj | Def.Det [Sp] | train | 3-go.out | 3.Pron | 3-pass | strong | Dem-by |
And the train did not stay for him, it passed by fast.
Y el tren no le esperó, pasó rápidamente por ahí.
Ha | upémarõ | la | karaí | o-muña | la | tren. |
Conj | then | Def.Det [Sp] | man | 3-follow | Def.Det [Sp] | train. |
And then the man followed the train.
Y después el hombre siguió al tren.
O-ho | i-jyké-re, | ha | upéi | i-pojái | -ma | petei | fiérro-re | ha, |
3-go | 3-reach-Obl | Conj | then | 3.Poss-held.on | -Asp | one | iron-Obl | Conj, |
He reached it, and then he held onto a piece of iron rail and,
Lo alcanzó, y luego ya se agarró por un hierro y,
o-jupí-vo | la | vagon | rehe | ndaje, |
3-get.on-Conj.Simult | Def.Det [Sp] | wagon | Obl.P | Report.Evid |
As he got on the wagon, it is said,
al subirse al vagón, se dice que,
i-pysyrỹi | la | tópe-re | ha | ho’a | la | tren-guý-pe, | ha | o-hasa | hi'ári-pi [rupi] |
3.Poss-slip | Def.Det [Sp] | sideboard-Obl | Conj | 3.fell | Det.Det | train-under, | Conj | 3-pass | on.topo-over |
He slipped on the sideboard and he fell under the train, and it passed over him...
se resbaló por el borde y se cayó debajo del tren, y le pasaron encima...
oĩ-haguáicha | la | vagon | kuéra: | o-hyekue’o-pa-ite | voi | chupe. |
exist-as | Def.Det [Sp] | wagon | Pl: | 3-rip-all-Superl | Emph | 3.Pron |
...the wagons [that were there]: they ripped him apart.
...los vagones que habían: le destriparon luego.
Ha | upe | jeré-pe | o-ñerrancheá | -ma | ra’eMatrix narrator/speaker oriented | che | kyvy | Alfonso | umía. |
Conj | Dem | around-Loc | 3-ranching | -Asp | Evid | 1Sg.Poss | younger.son | Alfonso | there. |
And around there, it appears that my younger son was ranching there, it turns out.
Y por ahí, parece que anda rancheando mi hijo menor, había sido que.
Heta | voi | o-ho | hikuái | o-mba’apó-vo | la | ovráhe-pe. |
lots | FOC | 3-go | 3.Pron.Pl | 3-work-Simult | Def.Det [Sp] | lumber.yard-Loc |
Lots of them went to work at the lumberyard.
Muchos fueron a trabajar al obraje.
Ha | la | i-ñi-rữ | nguéra | ndaje, | mitarusữ | akã | hatã, |
Conj | Def.Det [Sp] | 3.Poss-link-friend | Pl | Report.Evid | youngsters | head | strong, |
And, it is said, his friends, hard-headed youngsters...
Y sus amigos, se dice, jóvenes cabezudos...
he’i | jepi | ojupe, | péicha | karu | óra-pe: |
3.say | frequently | among.them | that.way | lunch | time-Loc |
...said among them frequently, during lunch time, things like:
...decían entre ellos frecuentemente, during el almuerzo, cosas como:
--Re’u | pe | húlano | rye kue, | he’i | ndaje | la | finado | rehe. |
2Sg.eat | Dem | guy.Poss | innards-Term, | 3.say | Report.Evid | Def.Det [Sp] | dead.one | Obl.P |
"Eat that guy’s innards," it is said that they said about the dead guy.
"Cómele al fulano sus entrañas," dice que dijeron del finado.
--Kóva | i-pysãngue | --he’i | otro. |
Those | 3.Poss-toes | --3.say | another.one |
"His toes," said another one.
"Sus dedos del pie," dijo otro.
--Ro-konvidá-ta | i-kostílla-ku-pe | –o-ñe-mõ-kachiãi | hikuái | upéicha. |
2Sg.Obj-offer-Prosp | 3.Poss-ribs | –3-Refl-Caus-joke | 3.Pron.Pl | that.way |
"We will offer you his ribs," they said, they said jokingly,
Vamos a convidarte tus costillas –dijeron bromeando.
Ha | tio | Anastacio | ndaje | (upéva-ngo | ore | machúta | memby, | la | mama | aguéla | memby, |
Conj | uncle | Anastacio | Report.Evid | (that.one-FOC | 2Pl.Poss | housekeeper | son, | Def.Det [Sp] | mother.Poss | grandmother | son, |
And it is said that uncle Anastacio (that one who is the housekeeper’s son, the son of the grandmother,...
Y se dice que el tío Anastacio (ese que es hijo de la machú, el hijo de la abuela,...
ha | upéa | la | ikasíke | kuéra) | he’i | vaerñ | chupé | kuéra: |
Conj | Dem | Def.Det [Sp] | chief | Pl) | 3.say | Mod | 3.IO | Pl: |
...and the chief) had to say to them:
...y del jefe) tuvo que decirles:
“Umí-cha | nda-ja’e-vai | [-ri] | la | o-mano | vaekué-re, |
nda-ja’é-vaerã-i | mbaa’eve”. |
Dem-way | Neg-1Pl-speak-badly | [Neg] | Def.Det [Sp] | 3-die | distal-Obl, | Neg-1Pl-speak-Mod-Neg | nothing |
“We don’t speak that way about someone who has died, we must not say anything [about him].”
"No hablemos así de alguién que ha muerto, no debemos decir nada [sobre él]."
Ha | la | mitãrusu | kuéra | n-o-pená-i | hese, | lomímo-nte | he’i. |
Conj | Def.Det [Sp] | youngster | Pl | Neg-3-worry-Neg | 3Pl.Obl, | same.way-FOC | 3.say |
And the youngsters did not worry/heed him, they carried on in the same way.
Y los jóvenes no le hicieron caso, continuaron hablando de la misma manera.
Ha | upéi | ndaje | peteĩ | asaje rei, | o-karu | rire | o-ké-pa | hínaPast Continuative | hikuái | tarímba-pe | okápe, |
Conj | then | Report.Evid | one | noon-random | 3-lunch | after | 3-sleep-all | Cont | 3.Pron.Pl | pallet-Loc | outside |
And then, it is said, one random early afternoon after lunch, they were all sleeping on a pallet outside,
Y después, se dice, una siesta cualquiera, después de almorzar, estaban durmiendo sobre una tarima afuera,
ha | che | kyvy | Alfonso | katu | o-ñeno | hínaContinuative | ra’eMatrix, speaker oriented | la | i-kotý-pe | kuéra, |
Conj | 1Sg.Poss | younger.son | Alfonso | Emph | 3-sleep | Cont | Evid | Def.Det [Sp] | 3.Poss-room-Loc | Pl |
...and my younger son Alfonso was sleeping, it appears in their room,
...y mi hijo menor Alfonso estaba durmiendo, al parecer, en su pieza,
peteĩ | rancho’i | o-jetakea-reí-va-nte | ha | i-techo-mi | (upé-pe | o-ke | pyhare-kue | hikuái | ra’e).Matrix, speaker oriented |
one | hut | 3-pole-randon-Rel-FOC | Conj | 3.Poss-roof-Dim | (Dem-Loc | 3-sleep | night-Term | 3.Pron.Pl | Evid) |
...in a random hut that they put up with poles and a light roof (there they had slept the night before, it appears)
...un rancho cualquiera que habían puesto con estaca y un techo ligero (ahí habían dormido toda la noche antes, había sido).
O-hecha | ndaje | la | finádo-pe | o-guahẽ | o-hó-vo, | henda | moroti | ári |
3-see | Report.Evid | Def.Det [Sp] | dead.one-DOM | 3-arrive | 3-go-Simult, | mount | white | on |
He saw, it is said, the dead guy arriving mounted on a white [horse]...
Se dice que vio al finado llegar en un montado blanco.
(upéva | o-guerekó-va | voi | hekové-pe | ra’e).Matrix, speaker oriented |
That.one | 3-have-Rel | FOC | life-Loc | Evid |
(that one that he had when he was alive).
(Ese que tenía en vida).
O-mombyta | la | henda, | o-guejy | chu-gui, | ha | o-ho | o-guahé | la | óga-pe: |
3-got.off | Def.Det [Sp] | mount, | 3-bring | 3Sg-from.Prep | Conj | 3-go | 3-arrive | Def.Det [Sp] | house-Loc: |
He tied up his horse, got off of him, and arrived at the house:
Sujetó su caballo, se bajó, y fue llegando a la casa:
“¡Guéna | tárde, | Gucna | tárde!” | he’i | hína.Continuative |
Good | afternoon, | good | afternoon, | 3.say | Cont. |
“Good afternoon, good afternoon!” he was saying.
Buenas tardes, buenas tardes, estaba diciendo.
Ha | upéi | o-ho | o-maña | porã | péicha | la | oké-va | hínaContinuative | rehe, | o-mañá-nte | hese | kuéra. |
Conj | then | 3-go | 3-watch | well | that.way, | Def.Det [Sp] | sleep-Rel | Cont. | Obl.P | 3.Obl | Pl | 3-watch-only |
And then he went to take a good look at those who were sleeping, he only watched them.
Y después fué a mirar bien así a aquellos que estaban durmiendo, y solamente los miró.
Ha | che | kyvy | Alfonso | o-nakea | hínaContinuative | ra’e,Matrix, speaker oriented |
Conj | 1.Poss | younger.son | Alfonso | 3-tobacco.chew | Cont. | Evid. |
And my younger son Alfonso was chewing tobacco, it appears,
Y mi hijo menor Alfonso estaba mascando tabaco, al parecer,
ha | upéi | ndaje | la | o-ndyvú-vo | péicha | ha | o-maña | jey |
Conj | then | Report.Evid | Def.Det [Sp] | 3-spit-Simult | that.way | Conj | 3-look | again |
And then, it is said, as he spit, he looked again.
Y luego, se dice, al escupir, miró otra vez.
nd-o-hécha-vé-i | -ma | la | karai | o-mano | vae-kué-pe. |
Neg-3-see-more-Neg | -Asp | Def.Det [Sp] | man | 3-die | Rel.Term-Loc |
He no longer saw the man who had died.
Ya no vió más al hombre que había muerto.
O-kañy | hese | renondé-gui. |
3-disappear | 3Pro.Obl | in.front-from.Prep |
He disappeared from in front of him.
Desapareció delante suyo.
Ha | pyhare | ndaje | o-u | jey. | “¡Guena | noche, | guena | noche!” | he’i | jey | hína.Continuative |
Conj | evening | Report.Evid | 3-come | again. | Good | night, | good | night, | 3.say | again | Cont. |
And that night, it is said, he came again. “Good night, good night!” he was saying again.
Y esa noche, se dice, vino otra vez. “Buenas noches, buenas noches!”, estaba diciendo otra vez.
O-jere | la | hóga-re, | o-jere | la | hóga- | (la | i-koty | kuéra | rehe). |
3-around | Def.Det [Sp] | house-Obl | 3-around | Def.Det [Sp] | house | (Def.Det [Sp] | 3Pos-house | Pl | Obl.P) |
He went around the house, he went around the house (around their room).
Dió vuelta la la casa, dio vuelta a la casa (a la pieza de ellos).
Heta | vése | he’i | upéicha. |
Many | times | 3.say | that.way. |
He said that many times.
Dijo así muchas veces.
Ha | upéi | ndaje | pyhareve, | ko’ẽ-ỹ-re, |
Conj | that | Report.Evid | morning, | morning-priv-Obl, |
And then in the morning, at dawn,
Y después en la mañana, a la madrugada,
tio | Anastacio | o-mo-pu’ã | che | kyvy | Alfónso-pe | o-jatapy-vo, | la | i-kosiná-me | kuéra. |
uncle | Anastacio | 3-Caus-get.up | 1Sg.Poss | younger.son | Alfonso-DOM | 3-lit.fire-goal | Def.Det [Sp] | 3.Poss-kitchen-Loc | Pl |
Uncle Anastacio got my younger son Alfonso up to light the fire in our kitchen.
El tio Anastacio hizo que mi hijo menor Alfonso se levantara para encender el fuego en nuestra cocina.
Ha | o-pu’ã | ndaje | ha’e, | ha | o-hó-ta-vo | la | i-kosina-í-me, |
Conj | 3-got.up | Report.Evid | 3.Pron.Subj, | Conj | 3-go-Prosp-Simult | Def.Det [Sp] | 3.Poss-kitchen-Dim-Loc |
And it is said that he got up, and as he was going to go to the kitchen,
Y se dice que se levantó, y cuando iba a irse a la cocina,
o-juhu | la | finádo-pe | o-jeko | la | henda | morotí-re | hínaEmphasis on 'henda morotí' | peteĩ | yvyra | máta | guý-pe. |
3-find | Def.Det [Sp] | dead.one-DOM | 3-lean | Def.Det [Sp] | mount | white-Obl | Emph | one | tree | bush | under-Loc |
...he found the dead guy leaning against his white horse under a tree.
...encontró al finado recostado por su caballo blanco debajo de un árbol.
O-jaivy | ndaje | upé-pe, | o-moĩ | la | hova | la | kavaju | ku’á-re | ha | o-ĩ | hínaContinuative | upé-pe. |
3-lean | Report.Evid | Dem-Loc, | 3-put | Def.Det [Sp] | face | Def.Det [Sp] | horse | waist | Conj | 3-exist | Cont. | Dem-Loc |
He was bent down there, it is said; he put his face on his horse waist and he stayed there (that way).
Estaba apoyado ahí, se dice; puso la cara en la cintura de su caballo y estuvo así ahí.
O-topa | gueteri | upé-pe | chupe | che | kyvy | Alfonso. |
3-find | still | Dem-Loc | 3.Pron | 1Sg.Poss | younger.son | Alfonso. |
He found him there still, my younger son Alfonso.
Lo encontró ahí todavía, mi hijo menor Alfonso.
Ha | “a-hasá-nte | che,” | he’i | Alfonso, | “ha | a-ha | jatapy.” |
Conj | 1Sg-pass-FOC | 1Sg.Subj, | 3.say | Alfonso, | Conj | 1-go | lit.fire |
And “I am just passing,” said Alfonso, and, “I am going to light the fire.”
Y “estoy pasando nomás,” dijo Alfonso, y, “estoy yendo a prender el fuego.”
Ha | ko’ẽ | mbota-ite | peve | o-ĩ | upé-pe. | Ha | Alfonso | o-güerokirirĩ-nte | avei. |
Conj | morning | Incip-Superl | after | 3-exist | Dem-Loc. | Conj | Alfonso | 3-silence-FOC | also |
And after, in the early morning, he was (still) there. And Alfonso remained silent.
Y después en la madrugada él estaba ahí (aún). Y Alfonso se quedó callado.
“O-mano | vaekue | ja-hejá | -ma | va’erã | topytu’u. |
3-die | distal | 1Pl-leave | -Asp | Mod | rest |
He died and we must let him rest.
Murió y debemos dejarlo ya descansar.
"Ãga | nda-pe-je-vé-i | vove | mba’eve | hese, | nd-o-u-vé-i | chéne,” |
Now | Neg-2Pl-say-more Neg | when | nothing | 3Pl.Obl | Neg-3-come-more-Neg | Fut.Neg |
“Now when you.all don’t say anything more about him, he will not come anymore.”
“Ahora cuando no hablen más de él, él ya no volverá.”
he’i | chupe | kuéra | tío | Anastacio. |
3.say | 3.Pron | Pl | uncle | Anastacio. |
Tio Anastacio said to them.
Les dijo a ellos tío Anastasio.