Funded by NSF BCS-1917619
Monkey 3Sg-ask Temp.Conj Distal lodging tiger house-Loc
Hover over Guaraní morphemes written in purple to see their syntactic function.
Audio for Story #3:
Oguahẽ | ndajeReportative Evidential 'ndaje' | ka’i | karai | jaguarete | róga-pe, | o-jerure | haguãIrrealis Subordinator 'ha' | posáda. |
3Sg-arrive | Report.Evid | monkey | man | tiger | house-Loc | 3Sg-ask | Sub.Irr | lodging |
It is said that the monkey arrived at the tiger’s house to ask for lodgings.
Dicen que llega el mono a la casa del señor jaguareté, para pedir posada.
Ha | he’i | chupe | jaguarete | rembireko |
Conj | 3Sg-say | 3Sg.Pron.IO | tiger | wife |
And the wife’s tiger said to him
Y le dijo la mujer del jaguarete
nd-aipo-ri- | haSubordinate 'ha' | i-ména | hína.Emphasis on 'mena'. Event is continuative independently of 'hina' |
Neg-exist-Neg- | Sub | 3.Poss-husband | Cont |
that her husband is not there.
que su marido no estaba.
——Nd-aipó-ri | elviého, | nd-ai-katu-mo’ã-i | a-me’ẽ | ndéve | la | posáda. |
——Neg-exist-Neg | the.old(man) | Neg-1Sg-can-Neg.Irrealis | 1Sg-give | 2Sg.Pron.IO | Def.Det | lodging |
The old man is not here, I cannot give you lodgings.
No está el viejo, no puedo darte la posada.
——Ape-mí-nte, | ko | nde | róga | okárape | ——he’i | chupe | ka’i. |
——Here-Dim-only | Dem | 2Sg.Poss | house | outside | ——3Sg.say | 3Sg.Pron.IO | monkey |
"Just here, outside your house," the monkey said to her.
"Acá nomás, fuera de tu casa," le dijo el mono.
Upéi | ka’aru-vé | -maAspect/Focalizer '-ma' | ramo, |
After | afternoon-more | -Asp | Conj.Temp |
When later,
Después cuando más tarde,
o-ike-sé | -maAspect/Focalizer '-ma' | ka’i | la | óga | guý-pe | aveí. |
3Sg-enter-Des | -Asp | monkey | Def.Det | house | under-Loc [roof] | also |
the monkey also wanted to enter inside [under the house’s roof].
ya quiso entrar también bajo [el techo de] la casa.
——Cháke | nde-ú-ne | che | ména |
——Watch.out | 2Sg.Pron.DO-eat-Modal | 1Sg.Poss | husband |
"Watch out, my husband can eat you,"
"Cuidado te puede comer mi marido,"
——he’i | chupe | la | jaguarete | kuña. |
——3Sg.say | 3Sg.Pron.IO | Def.Det | tiger | woman |
the tiger’s wife said to him.
le dije la mujer del jaguareté.
——Ha | ndé-[p]iko, | na-che-defende-mo’ã-i | voi? 'Voi' Focalizer Particle |
——Conj | 2Sg-Pron.Subj-Q | Neg-1Sg.Pron.DO-defend-Neg.Irrealis | -FOC |
"And you will not defend me?"
"¿Y vos, no vas a defenderme luego?"
——he’i | chupe | ka’i. |
——3Sg.say | 3Sg.Pron.IO | monkey |
she said to the monkey.
le dijo el mono.
——Ha | re-ikuaa | vo-íngo, |
——Conj | 2Sg-know | of.course-FOC |
"And of course
"Y vos sabés luego,
che | ména-ngo | nde-u | mante | arã [va’erã] |
1Sg.Poss | husband-FOC | 2Sg.Pron.DO-eat | hopelessly | Mod |
my husband will undoubtedly eat you
mi marido te comerá sin falta
nde-juhú-ramo | ápe. |
2Sg.Pron.DO-find-Temp.Conj | here |
when he finds you here."
cuando te encuentre acá."
——Nahániri | ——he’i | ka’i, | ——ape-mí-nte. |
——No | ——3Sg.say | monkey | ——here-Dim-only |
"No," said the monkey, "just here."
"No," dijo el mono, "acá nomás."
(Nd-o-kyhyjé-i | ha | o-kyhyje | avei.) |
Neg-3Sg-be.afraid-Neg | Conj | 3Sg-be.afraid | also |
(He is afraid and not afraid also.)
(No tiene miedo y tiene miedo también.)
Upéi amáke | ka’aru, | ka’i | i-ro’ý | -maAspect/Focalizer '-ma' |
Then [a más que] | afternoon | monkey | 3Sg-be.cold | -Asp |
Then close to the afternoon, the monkey is already cold
Después se acerca la tarde, el mono ya tiene frío
ha | o-iké | -maAspect/Focalizer '-ma' | óga | gúy-pe. |
Conj | 3Sg-go.in | -Asp | house | under-Loc |
when he enters inside the house.
y ya entra dentro de la casa.
Upéi | kuñakarai | o-hó | -taProspective Aspect | -maAspect/Focalizer '-ma' | o-jepe’e. |
Then | woman | 3Sg-go | -Prosp | -Asp | 3Sg-get.warm |
Then the female tiger had already gone to warm herself up.
Y después la mujer [tigre] ya estaba por irse [para] calentarse.
Ha | o-jepe’e-se-te | avei | ka’i. |
Conj | 3Sg-get.warm.Des-Superl | also | monkey |
And the monkey very much desired to warm himself up also.
Y el mono también demasiado quiso calentarse.
Ha | o-mbo-jepe’e | chupe Overt Direct Object (DO) Pronoun | la | kuñakarai. |
Conj | 3Sg-let.get.warm | 3.Pron.DO | Def.Det | woman |
And then the female (tiger) let him warm up.
Y la mujer le dejó calentarse.
O-sena-mba | la | óga | jára |
3Sg-have-dinner-completed | Def.Det | house | mistress |
The mistress of the house finished dinner
Terminó de cenar la dueña de casa
ha | o-ho-sé | -maAspect/Focalizer '-ma' | o-ñenó-vo. |
Conj | 3Sg-go-Des | -Asp | 3Sg-sleep-Asp.Goal |
and wanted to go to sleep already.
y ya quiso ir a acostarse.
——Che-ko | a-ha-sé | -maAspect/Focalizer '-ma' | a-ñenó-vo |
——1Sg.Pron.Subj-FOC | 1Sg-go-Des | -Asp | 1Sg-lie.down-Asp.Goal |
"I already want to go lie down (rest),"
"Yo luego ya quiero ir a acostarme,"
——he’i | ndajeReportative Evidential 'ndaje' | chupe, |
——3Sg.say | Report.Evid | 3.Pron.IO |
it is said that she said to him,
dice que le dijo,
——ãga | ite | o-u | vaerã | el | viého, | ha | tereho | katu | nde. |
——but | soon | 3Sg-come | Mod | Def.Det | old.man | Conj | Imp.go | FOC | 2Sg.Pron.Subj |
"but soon the old man must/will come, and you go away."
"pero enseguida tiene que llegar el viejo, y andate si que vos."
——Ha | nd-ai-katú-i | piko |
——Conj | Neg-1Sg-can-Neg | Q |
"And it cannot be
"Y no puede ser
pe | nde | koty-pe-mí-nte | jepe | che-mo-nge? |
Dem | 2Sg.Poss | room-Loc-Dim-FOC | also | 1Sg.Pron.DO-let-sleep |
that you don’t let me also sleep in your room at least?"
que por lo menos en tu pieza no me dejes dormir?"
——he’i | ka'i. |
——3Sg.say | monkey |
said the monkey.
le dijo el mono.
——Nahániri. | Upéi | o-ovliga-iterei | kuñakaraí-pe. |
——No | Then | 3Sg-insisted-Superl-so.much | woman-IO |
"No." Then he insisted so much to the female.tiger.
"No." Y después demasiado le insistió a la señora.
——Ha | guéno, | re-ké | -taProspective Aspect | la | che | kotý-pe | upéicharõ. |
——Conj | ok | 2Sg-sleep | -Prosp | Def.Det | 1Sg.Poss | room-Loc | then |
"Oh, then you will sleep in my room."
"Y bueno, vas a dormir en mi pieza entonces."
Ha | o-ké | -maAspect/Focalizer '-ma' | -rõ | la | i-kotý-pe | katu, |
Conj | 3Sg-sleep | -Asp | -Cond | Def.Det | 3.Poss-room-Loc | Emph |
And when he was already sleeping in her room,
Y cuando ya dormía en su pieza,
he’i | chupe | ka’i: |
3Sg.say | 3.Pron.IO | monkey |
the monkey said to her:
le dijo el mono:
——Sokórro, | péro | che-ro’y | eterei | ningo. |
——Help | but | 1Sg-be.cold | too.much | FOC |
"Help, but I am too cold.
"Socorro, pero yo tengo demasiado frío.
Pe | nde | rupa | guy-pe-mi | a-ké | -ta.Prospective Aspect |
Dem | 2Sg.Poss | bed | under-Loc-Dim | 1Sg-sleep | -Prosp |
Under your bed I will sleep."
Debajo de tu cama voy a dormir."
Ha | o-mo-nge | chupe. Overt Direct Object (DO) Pronoun |
Conj | 3Sg-let-sleep | 3.Pron.DO |
And she let him sleep.
Y le dejó dormir.
——Péro | aní-nte-ke | el | viého | nde-pilla; |
——But | Neg-Imp-FOC-Imp | Def.Det | old.man | 2Sg.Pron.DO-find |
"But do not let the old man find you;
"Pero que no te pille el viejo;
háke | nde-ú | va’erã. |
be.careful | 2Sg.Pron.Obj-eat | Mod |
be careful, he will eat you."
cuidado que te va a comer."
Upéi | ndajeReportative Evidential 'ndaje' | he’i | jey | chupe | ka’i: |
Then | Report.Evid | 3Sg.say | again | 3Sg.Pron.IO | monkey |
Then, it is said, the monkey said to her again:
Después, se dice que el mono le volvió a decir:
——Che | ro’y | eterei-ve | ningo, |
——1Sg.Pron.Subj | be.cold | Superl-too.much-more | FOC |
"I am too (much/more) cold,
"Tengo mucho más frío,
pe | nde | py | gotyo-mí-na, |
this | 2Sg.Poss | feet | towards-Dim-Rog |
towards your feet,
hacia tus pies nomas,
pende | rupá-pe, | ta-ke-mi. |
2Pl.Poss | bed-Loc | Imp-sleep-Dim |
in your bed I will sleep a bit."
en tu cama, voy a dormir un poco."
——Ãga | o-ú | -taProspective Aspect | el | viého, |
——Conj | 3Sg-came | -Prosp | Def.Det | old.man |
"Soon the old man will come,
"Enseguida vendrá el viejo,
a-mombe’u | porã | ndéve, | pórke | che | no-ro-defende | -mo’ã-i.Negative Prospective Aspect |
1Sg-tell | well | 2Sg.Pron.IO | because | 1Sg.Pron.Subj | Neg-Port-defend | -Neg.Prosp |
and I clearly tell you, because I will not defend you."
y te digo bien, porque yo no te voy a defender."
——Nda-che-rupytý-i | chéne, | ha’e-ko | i-pohýi |
——Neg-1Sg.Pron.Subj-reach-Neg | Mod | 3.Pron-FOC | 3.Poss-heavy |
"He will probably not reach me, he is heavy
"No me ha de alcanzar, él.emp es pesado
ha | che | pe | yvyra | gáho |
Conj | 1Sg.Pron.Subj | Dem | tree | branch |
and I least on the branch of this plant
y yo por lo menos por esa rama de la planta
i-kangy-vé | -vaRelativizer 'va' | -re | jepe | ahá | -ta,Prospective Aspect |
3.Poss-weak-more | -Rel | -Obl | at.least | 1Sg-go | -Prosp |
which is weak, will hang on to,
que es más débil me voy a prender,
ha | jaguarete | -mo’ã-i.Negative Prospective Aspect | [nda-che-rupyty-mo’ã-i]. |
Conj | tiger | Prosp.Neg | [not-1Sg-reach-Prosp-Neg] |
and the tiger will not [reach me]."
y el jaguareté no podrá [alcanzarme]."
Ha | o-ké | -maAspect/Focalizer '-ma' | -ramo | i-py | gotyo, | i-ro’y-ete-ve | jey | ka’i. |
Conj | 3Sg-sleep | -Asp | -Cond | 3.Poss-feet | towards | 3.Poss-cold-Superl | again | monkey |
And when he was already sleeping towards her feet, the monkey got much colder again.
Y cuando ya dormía hacia sus pies, tuvo más frío otra vez el mono.
——A-ñe-prendé | -taProspective Aspect | -ko | nde | pý-re, |
——1Sg-Refl-hold.on | -Prosp | -FOC | 2Sg.Poss | foot-Obl |
"I will hold on to your foot,
"Me voy a prender por tu pié,
che | mbyaku-mi | ché-ko | na-che-póncho-i. |
1Sg.Pron.Subj | get.warm-Dim | 1Sg.Pron.Subj-FOC | Neg-1Sg.Poss-poncho-Neg |
warm me up a bit [because] I do not have a poncho."
calentame por favor porque no tengo poncho."
Upéi | i-ro’y-ete-ve | jey | ha | o-mo-poncho-guy-mi-[v]e. |
Then | 3.Poss-cold-Superl-more | again | Conj | 3Sg-put-poncho-under-Dim-more |
Then he was much more cold again and he got a bit more under the poncho.
Después tuvo más frío otra vez y se metió un poco más bajo el poncho.
——Ne-formal-eterei | nde, | te-reho | mba’e. |
——Neg-formal-Superl | 2Sg.Pron.Subj | Imp-2Sg-go | [or] what |
"You are too informal, [so] go away or what."
"Sos muy informal, andate sique."
——Nahíniri, | pe | ne-lomo-re-mí-nte | a-ke-se, |
——No | Dem | 2Sg.Poss-back-Obl-Dim-only | 1Sg-sleep-Des |
"No, only next to your back I want to sleep,
"No, por tu espalda nomas quiero dormir,
pe | che | lómo | haku-mi | haguãIrrealis Subordinator 'ha' | chéve, | pórke | che-ratã | -taProspective Aspect | -ma.Aspect/Focalizer '-ma' |
Dem | 1Sg.Poss | back | warm-Dim | Sub.Irr | 1Sg.IO | because | 1Sg.Poss-freeze | -Prosp | -Asp |
to get my back warm up a bit, because I am already about to freeze."
para que mi espalda se caliente un poco, porque ya me voy a congelar."
Upéi | katu | la | i-lómo |
Then | Emph | Def.Det | 3.Poss-back |
Then, when [those] their backs
Después, cuando sus espaldas
umí[v]a | haku-pa | porã | -maAspect/Focalizer '-ma' | ramo [=porá.ma.rõ], |
Dem.Pron | 3.Poss.warm-Compl | well | -Asp | -Cond |
were already very warmed-up,
ya estuvieron bien calientes,
o-jere | ka’i | jaguarete | rembirekó-pe, | humby | ládo-pe. |
3Sg-turn.around | monkey | tiger | wife-Loc | buttock | side-Loc |
the monkey turned around towards the buttock of the tiger’s wife.
se dio vuelta el mono hacia la nalga de la mujer del jaguareté.
Ha | upe | rire-mí-nte | ndajeReportative Evidential 'ndaje' | o-guahẽ | o-ú-vo | la | ména, |
Conj | then | after-Dim-only | Report.Evid | 3Sg-arrive | 3Sg-come-Asp.Goal | Def.Det | husband |
Then after a while, it is said, the husband was arriving,
Al rato nomás se dice que vino llegando el marido,
[ág̃a] katu | ningo | ha’e-pa | pyre-pe | -ma.Aspect/Focalizer '-ma' |
Emph | FOC | 3Sg.say-Compl | Part-Loc | -Asp |
[but] all was already said.
[pero] todo estaba dicho ya.
——Hyakuã | ka’i | ningo | ko | ñande | koty | nde! |
——3.Poss.smell | monkey | FOC | Dem | 1Pl.Incl.Poss | room | Excl.Expr |
"This room smells of monkey!"
"¡Esta nuestra pieza huele a mono!"
——he’i | karai | jaguarete. |
——3Sg.say | mister | tiger |
said Mister Tiger.
dijo el señor jaguareté.
Ha | ka’i | o-kañy | hínaPast continuative, independently of 'hina'. Assertive. | tupa | guý-pe. |
Conj | monkey | 3Sg-hide | Cont | bed | under-Loc |
And the monkey was hidden under the bed.
Y el mono estaba escondido bajo la cama.
Upéi | jaguarete | o-ñeno | hembireko | pohéi, | ha | he’i | jey: |
Then | tiger | 3Sg-lie.down | 3.Poss.wife | side | Conj | 3Sg.say | again |
Then the tiger laid down next to his wife and said again:
Después el jaguareté se acostó al lado de su esposa, y le dijo de vuelta:
——Hyakuã | ka’i | ko | ñane | ñuãha, | nde | la | víéha. |
——3.Poss.smell | monkey | Dem | 1Pl.Incl.Poss | blanket | 2Sg.Pron | Def.Det | old.woman |
"Our blanket smells of monkey, you old woman."
"Tiene olor a mono esta nuestra cobija, vos la vieja."
——Hẽe | ——he’i | upé-pe | hembireko, |
——Yes | ——3Sg.say | Dem-Loc | 3.Poss.wife |
"Yeah," said the wife at that moment,
"Hẽe," dijo en ese momento la esposa,
——a-hecha | kuriRetrospective Aspect 'kuri' | che | képe | o-ú-rõ | peteĩ | ka’i-mi, |
——1Sg-see | Retrosp.Asp | 1Sg.Poss | dream | 3Sg-come-Cond | one | monkey-Dim |
"I saw in my dreams when a monkey came,
"vi en mi sueño cuando vino un mono,
i-ro’y | eteri | gua’ú-ko | ha | o-u | oi-ke | ñande | rupá-pe |
3.Poss-cold | Superl | supposedly-FOC | Conj | 3Sg-come | 3Sg-sleep | 1Pl.Incl.Poss | bed-Loc |
[he] was very cold supposedly and came to sleep in our bed
con mucho frío supuestamente y vino a dormir en nuestra cama
ha | heta | che-mo-kyrỹi | ha | upéi | reju | nde | kuri.Retrospective Aspect 'kuri' |
Conj | much | 1Sg-cause-tickle | Conj | then | 2Sg-come | 2Sg.Pron.Subj | Retrosp.Asp |
and tickled me much and then you came."
y me hizo mucha cosquilla y después viniste vos."
——He’ẽ | ——he’i | ndajeReportative Evidential 'ndaje' | jaguarete, |
——Yeah | ——3Sg.say | Report.Evid | Tiger |
"Yeah," it is said that the tiger said,
"He’ẽ," se dice que dijo el jaguareté,
i-ke-guy-pe-mí | -ma,Aspect/Focalizer '-ma' | o-ké | -maAspect/Focalizer '-ma' | o-hó-vo. |
3.Poss-sleep-under-Loc-Dim | -Asp | 3Sg-sleep | -Asp | 3Sg-go-Asp.Goal |
in his sleep [stupor], already falling asleep.
bajo el sueño, ya durmiéndose.
——I-gústo-ité[re]i-ko | añete |
——3.Poss-pleasant-Superl-FOC | truly |
"It is truly very pleasant
"Da gusto de verdad
la | ka’i-mi | ñane-mo-kyrỹi-rõ | ra'eEmbedded in conditional. Speaker-oriented, indirect discourse. | ——he’i. |
Def.Det | monkey-Dim | 1Pl.Incl-Caus-tickle-when | Evid | ——3Sg.say [the tiger] |
when the little monkey tickles us," said [the tiger].
cuando el mono nos hace cosquilla había sido," dijo [el tigre].
Ha’e | oi-mo’ã | o-soña | hínaContinuative | ra'e;Embedded ra'e, narrator/speaker oriented |
3.Pron | 3Pl-think | 3Pl-dream | Cont | Evid |
He thought he was dreaming;
El creyó que estaba soñando;
nimbo | ka’i | o-pokó | -maAspect/Focalizer '-ma' | avei |
Part | monkey | 3Sg-touch | -Asp | also |
the monkey was already in the process of touching
el mono ya iba tocándo-
hese | o-hó-vo | ra'eMatrix ra'e, speaker oriented | la | pytũmbý-pe. |
3.Pron.Dat | 3Sg-go-Asp.Goal | Evid | Def.Det | dark-Loc |
him in the darkness.
-le en la oscuridad.