Funded by NSF BCS-1917619
Monkey 3Sg-invite-Cond Distal fox-DOM
Hover over Guaraní morphemes written in purple to see their syntactic function.
Audio for Story #8:
| Mbohapy | ka’i | rupi | nimbo | i-kunpleáno | hínaAdds emphasis to the event. | ra'e,Matrix ra'e; speaker/narrator oriented; scope of ra’e marked by nimbo: monkeys’ had birthday (the object of discovery) |
| Three | monkey | around | Part | 3.Poss-birthday | Cont | Evid |
Three monkeys had a birthday, it turns out,
Tres monos estaban de cumpleaños, había sido,
| ha | la | asaje | o-ho | hikuái, | ka’aguy | guasú-pe. |
| Conj | Def.Det | early.afternoon | 3Pl-go | 3Pl.Subj | forest | big-Loc.Prep |
and early afternoon they went to the big forest.
y a la siesta se fueron al gran bosque.
| Umi | yvyra | rakamby | pa’ũ-me | o-jupi, | o-kyhyjé-gui | jaguareté-gui, |
| Dem | tree | branch | middle-Loc | 3Pl-got.up | 3Pl-afraid-Prep | tiger-Prep |
They climbed up on the tree branches, because they were afraid of the tiger,
Se subieron entre las uniones de las ramas del árbol, porque tenían miedo del tigre,
| pono [por sino] | o-u | ho’u | chupe Overt Direct Object (DO) Pronoun | kuéra. |
| in.case | 3Sg-come | 3Sg.eat | 3.Pron.DO | Pl |
in case he comes to eat them.
por si viene a comerles.
| Upé-pe | o-jatapy, | o-mbyakú | -maAspect/Focalizer '-ma' | y | hínaEmphasis on Object 'y' | hikuái, | o-portiju | haguã.Irrealis Subordinator 'ha' |
| Dem-Loc | 3Pl-fire | 3Pl-heat.up | -Asp | water | Cont | 3Pl.Subj | 3Pl-eat | Sub.Irrealis |
There they made a fire, and they were already heating up the water to eat.
Ahí hicieron fuego, ya estaban calentando agua, para comer.
| O-pupu | ndajeReportative Evidential 'ndaje' | la | y | pé-pe, | olla | guasu | peteĩ-me. |
| 3Sg-boil | Report.Evid | Def.Det | water | Dem-Loc | pot | big | one-Loc |
It is that the water was boiling there, in a big pot. [emphasis on 'big']
Se dice que hervía el agua allí, en una olla gigante.
| Ha | upé-vo | o-ñemo’aguĩ | sapy’a | o-hó-vo | chu-gui | kuéra | peteĩ | aguara. |
| Conj | Dem-Temp.Conj | 3Sg-get.close | suddenly | 3Sg-go-Simult | 3-Obl | Pl | one | fox |
And at that moment, suddenly, a fox was getting close to them.
Y en ese momento, de repente, se iba acercándose a ellos un zorro.
| Lo | ka’i | oi-ko | gua’ú-nte | o-hecha-’ỹ | -vaRelativizer 'va' | ramo | upe | o-guahẽ | -vaRelativizer 'va' | -pe. |
| Def.Det | monkey | 3Pl-exist | pretend-only | 3Pl-see-Privative | -Rel | recently | Dem | 3Sg-arrive | -Rel | -DOM |
The monkeys pretended that they did not see the one that recently arrived.
Los moños se hicieron los que no vieron al que recién llegaba.
| ——Mba’e | piko | pe-mbojy | upé-pe, | lo | amigo |
| ——What | Q | 2Pl-cook | there-Loc | Def.Pl | friend |
"What are you cooking there, my friends?"
"Qué están cocinando ahí, los amigos?"
| ——he’i | ndajeReportative Evidential 'ndaje' | aguara, | story-pa-ité-pe. |
| ——3Sg.say | Report.Evid | fox | story-Compl-Superl-Loc.Prep |
it is said that the fox said, with joy/confidence.
se dice que dijo el zorro, con confianza/con alegría.
| ——Ryguasu | kyra | hupi’aky-pá | -vaRelativizer 'va' | peteĩ |
| ——Hen | fat | 3.Poss-egg-Tot | -Rel | one |
"A big hen with lots of eggs,"
"Una gran gallina con muchos huevitos,"
| ——he’i | ndajeReportative Evidential 'ndaje' | peteĩ | -vaRelativizer 'va' | la | ka’i | chupe. |
| ——3Sg.say | Report.Evid | one | -Rel | Def.Det | monkey | 3.Pron.IO |
it is said that one of the monkeys said to him.
se dice que le dijo uno de los monos.
| Hendy | no’õ-mba-ité | -maAspect/Focalizer '-ma' | aguara | ha | o-porandu | jey: |
| 3.Poss.saliva | collect-Compl-Superl | -Asp | fox | Conj | 3Sg-ask | again |
The fox was already salivating and asked again:
Salivaba todo ya el zorry y volvió a preguntar:
| ——Ha | piko | mba’éicha, | amigo | ka’i, | ja-jupi-mí | -taProspective Aspect | pene | rendá-pe? |
| ——Conj | Q | how | friend | monkey | 1Pl.Excl-go.up-Dim- | -Prosp | 2Pl.Poss | place-Loc.Prep |
"And how, my monkey friends, will we be able to get up to where you are?"
"Y como, amigo mono, podemos subirnos junto a ustedes?"
| ——Nda-hasý-i-eté-ngo | upea | ——he’i | chupe | peteĩ | ka’i | kuña. |
| ——Neg-3Sg.difficult-Neg-Superl-FOC | that | ——3Sg.say | 3Sg.Pron.IO | one | monkey | female |
"That is not difficult," a female monkey said to him.
"No cuesta nada eso," le dijo una mona.
| ——Re-jupí | -taProspective Aspect | nde | revi-kue | yvaté-vo | ha | ne | akãngue | yvy | gotyo. |
| ——2Sg-go.up | -Prosp | 2Sg.Poss | butt-former | above-Simult | Conj | 2Sg.Poss | head | ground | towards |
"You will go up with your butt up and your head down (towards the ground)."
"Vas a subirte con la cola hacia arriba y tu cabeza hacia abajo."
| Ha | aguara | o-ñe-moĩ | o-tantea: | o-ñe-moĩ | ovakã-vo. |
| Conj | fox | 3Sg-Refl-put | 3Sg-try | 3Sg-Refl-put | head-Simult |
And the fox tried it out: he put himself upside down (head down).
Y el zorro se puso a probar: se puso de cabeza [para abajo].
| Oi-kutu | i-pysapẽ | yvyra | máta | rehe | ha | o-jupi | mbegue | katu | hendá-pe. | kuéra. |
| 3Sg-stick | 3.Poss-foot | tree | trunk | Obl. | Conj | 3Sg-got.up | slowly | Emph | place-Loc.Prep | Pl |
He stuck his feet on the tree trunk and he climbed up slowly towards them.
Clavaba las pezuñas por el tronco del árbol y se subió lentamente junto a ellos.
| Pe | mbyte | o-hasa | jave | o-ho-vo, | o-hupyty | rupi | sapy’a |
| Dem | middle | 3Sg-pass | instant | 3Sg-go-Temp.Conj | 3Sg-reach | around | suddenly |
At the moment when he was half way up, he was about to reach
En el momento que iba por la mitad, estaba por alcanzar
| la | ka’i | kuéra | o-ĩ- | ha[pe],Nominalizer 'ha' | o-mboyke | la | ólla | guasu. |
| Def.Det | monkey | Pl | 3Sg-be- | Rel[Loc] | 3Pl-throw | Def.Det | pot | big |
where the monkeys were, they [the monkeys] suddenly knocked over the [contents of the entire] big pot.
donde estaban los monos, ellos [los monos] volcaron de repente la olla grande.
| Ha | cháu! | O-hykuavo | humbý-re | hikuái | la | y-taku. |
| Conj | cháu [Sound] | 3Pl-throw.out | hip-on | 3Pl.Subj | Def.Det | water-hot |
And cháu! They threw out the hot water on his side.
Y cháu! Volcaron por su cadera el agua caliente.
| Re-hechá-ko | mitã | aguara | upe-gui-ete | o-ú-rõ | o-tĩ-vo | yvý-pe. |
| 2Pl-see-Emph | guy | fox | Dem-Prep-Superl | 3Sg-come-Cond | 3.Poss-nose-Simult | ground-Loc.Prep |
And you see, the guy fox came down on his nose to the ground.
Y ya ves como se vino el zorro de nariz al suelo.
| Ka’aguy | mbyté-re | o-je-heka, |
| forest | middle-Obl | 3Sg-Refl-search |
He was searched for in the middle of the forest,
En el medio del bosque se le buscó,
| ha | upe | guive | sa’i | nunga | o-ñe-mokonpi-se | ka’i | umía | rehe. |
| Conj | Dem | Prep | few | Part | 3Sg-Refl-befriend-Des | monkey | those | Obl |
and from then on very few wanted to befriend the monkeys.
y desde ahí muy pocos quisieron hacerse amigos de los monos.