Funded by NSF BCS-1917619
Hover over Guaraní morphemes written in purple to see their syntactic function.
Audio for Story #14:
O-nase | ndaje | -ko | peteï | mitä’i | indio-kuéra | apyté-pe, |
3-born | Report.Evid | -FOC | one | child | indian-Pl | middle-Loc |
It is said that a boy was born among the Indians.
Nació, dicen que, un niño de entre los indios.
ha | michï | ra’y-mi | n-o-monde-sé-i | voiFocalizer Particle 'voi' | mba’evé-icha-gua | ao. |
Conj | small | son-Dim | Neg-3-put-Des-Neg | FOC | any-type-place | clothes |
And since he was a little kid he never wanted to put clothes on.
Y desde chiquito no quería luego ponerse ninguna clase de ropa.
I-túva | ha | i-sy | o-mondé-va | hese, | ha’e | o-mboi-pa | jey. |
3-father | Conj | 3-mother | 3-put-Hab | 3Pron.Obl, | 3Pro | 3-remove-Tot | again |
Whatever his dad and mom put on him, he would take it off again.
Su papá y su mamá lo que le ponían se quitaba todo otra vez él.
Ha’e | nd-oi-kutú-i | voiFocalizer Particle 'voi' | chupe | ñuatï, | ku | tapiti | ra’ý-icha. |
3Pro | Neg-3-pinch-Neg | FOC | 3.Pron | thorns, | Dem | rabbit | son-similar |
No thorn pricked him ever, just like those little rabbits.
A él no le hincaba luego espinas, igual que a un conejito.
o-dipara | oi-ke | pe | karaguata-tý-re, | ha | upéi-nte | o-së | jey. |
3-run | 3-go.in | Dem | plant-pile-Obl, | Conj | Dem-only | 3-go.out | again |
He would go in running among the karaguata (plants) and then could come out again.
Entraba corriendo entre los karaguatáses y después salía nomás otra vez.
Sapy’á-nte | o-ho | mombyry | mbyry | umi | otro | toldería-rupi |
Some.time-only | 3-go | far | far | Dem | another | camps-around |
Sometimes he would go very far close to the (Indian) camps.
A veces se iba lejos muy lejos cerca de los otros campamentos.
Ha | do | tre | dia | hagué-peLocational Relative Aspect 'ha' | i-sy | umía | o-gueru | jey | chupe. |
Conj | two | three | days | Sub.Term-Loc | 3-mother | those | 3-bring | again | 3.Pron |
And after two or three days his parents would bring him back again.
Y dos tres días después su mamá y esos [y otros] le traían otra vez.
7 | año | o-guereko | rire | ha’e, | o-ñe-mboi-pa-ite | o-pívo | vera | hóga | renondé-pe, |
7 | year | 3-have | after | 3Pro, | 3-Refl-remove-Tot-Max | 3-naked | completely | 3.Poss-house | front-Loc |
After he turned 7 years old, he undressed entirely in front of his house
Después de cumplir 7 años, se desnudó todito frente a su casa.
Ha | upe-guive | nd-o-je-hecha-vé-i. |
Conj | Dem-from.Prep | Neg-3-Refl-see-more-Neg |
And from then on no one saw him again.
Y desde ahí ya no se le vio más.
Upéi | o-juhu | jeý-rö | jepe | chupe |
Then | 3-find | again-Cond | again | 3.Pron |
After whenever his parents found him again around there,
Después si su mama y su papá le encontraban a él nuevamente allí por donde andaba,
la | i-sy | ha | i-túva | pe | oiko | -haLocational Relative Pronoun 'ha' | rupi, | nd-oi-kuaa-vé-i | -ma | chupe | hikuái. |
Det.Det | 3Pos-mother | Conj | 3.Poss-father | Dem | 3-exist | -Rel.Loc | around, | Neg-3-know-more-Neg | -Asp | 3.Pron | 3.Pron.Pl |
...his mother and father did not recognize him.
...ya ellos no lo reconocían.
Upéi-ngo | peteï | karai, | pueblo | Valenzuela-gua, | Médico | Pombéro | o-je-’e | -ha,Nominalizer 'ha' |
After-FOC | one | man, | town | Valenzuela-place, | doctor | Pombéro | 3-Refl-say | -Nom |
After a man from the town Valenzuela, Doctor Pombero, they called him,
Después un señor, del pueblo de Valenzuela, Médico Pombero le decían,
o-ï-va | Sapukái-pe, | o-mombe’u | i-túva | o-poro-juka | -hagueSubordinate 'ha' | Valenzuela | táva-pe | upe | jave. |
3-exist-Hab | Sapukái-Loc, | 3-tell | 3Pos-father | 3-Indef-kill | -Sub.Term | Valenzuela | town-Loc | Dem | then |
...who was in Sapukai, said that his father had killed someone in the town of Valenzuela long ago.
...que estaba en Sapukai, contó que su papá le había matado a alguien en el pueblo de Valenzuela cuando eso.
(ha | ymá-ngo | nde | rei-kuaa, | ñane retä-me | rei-ké-rö | peteï | ka’aguý-pe |
Conj | time.ago-FOC | 2SPro | 2Sg-know | 1Pl.Incl-country-Loc | 2Sg-go.in-Cond | one | forest-Loc |
(and you know that for long time in our country, if you go into the forest...)
(y vos sabes que desde hace tiempo en nuestro país si entras a un monte...)
nde-rei-kuaá-i | moõ-pa | re-hó-ta | re-së | reína.)Not continuative. Emphasis on moõ-pa. |
Neg-2Sg-know-Neg | where-Q | 2Sg-go-Prosp | 2Sg-go.out | 2Sg.Emph |
(...you don’t know where you would go out)
(...ya no sabes donde irás a salir)
O-poro-juka | la | karai | upéa | ha | oi-ke | la | ka’aguý-pe | ra'e.Matrix Evid, narrator oriented |
3-Indef-kill | Def.Det [Sp] | man | Dem | Conj | 3-go.in | Def.Det [Sp] | forest-Loc | Evid |
This man killed someone and entered the forest again, it appears.
El señor este asesinó y entró en el monte, había sido.
Upéi | ndaje | o-ho | oi-ke | peteï | tolderia | tuichá-va-pe, |
Then | Report.Evid | 3-go | 3-go.in | one | camp | big-Rel-Loc |
Then it is said that he went to enter a large camp.
Después dice que se fue a entrar a un campamento grande
Ha | ha’e | nd-oi-kuaá-i-va | upe | tolderia | o-ï-va | -haSubordinate 'ha' | upé-pe. |
Conj | 3Sg-Pron | Neg-3-know-Neg-Hab | Dem | camp | 3-exit-Hab | -Sub | Dem-Loc |
And he did not know that there was a camp there.
Y él no sabía que ese campamento se encontraba allí.
O-ho | o-ñe’ë | la | kasíke | ndive: |
3-go | 3-speak | Def.Det [Sp] | indian.chief | with |
He went to speak to the Indian chief:
Se fue a hablar con el cacique:
-Péa-ngo | la | che | káso, | ha | nd-ai-katú-i | piko | ai-ko | pene-ndive. |
that-FOC | Def.Def | 1Sg.Poss | case, | Conj | Neg-1Sg-can-Neg | Q | 1Sg-live | 2.Pl-with |
"This is my case and I couldn’t live with you all."
-Este es mi caso, y no podría vivir con ustedes.
-Guéno | –he’i | chupe | la | kasíke, | ha | o-pyta | oi-ko | hendive-kuéra. |
Okay | -3.say | 3.Pron | Def.Det [Sp] | chief, | Conj | 3-stay | 3-live | 3Pl.with-Pl |
"Okay," the chief said to him, and he stayed to live with them.
-Bueno – le dijo el cacique, y se quedó a vivir con ellos.
O-juka | la | guyra’-i, | opáicha-gua | tymba | ka’aguy. |
3-kill | Def.Det [Sp] | bird-Dim, | variety-source | animal | forest |
They killed small birds, (and) all kinds of forest animals.
Mataban pajaritos, muchas clases de animales del monte.
Ho’ú-va | la | indio-kuéra | ho’u | hendive-kuéra. | O-ke | hendive-kuéra. |
3.eat-Rel | Def.Det [Sp] | indian-Pl | 3.eat | 3Pl.with-Pl. | 3-sleep | 3Pl.with-Pl |
What the Indians ate, he ate with them. He slept with them.
Lo que comían los indios, él comía con ellos. Dormía con ellos.
Upéi-ngo | pe | un | me, | o-mboty | pota | rupi | hína,Emphasis on the temporal adverb | he’i | chupe | la | kasíke: |
after-FOC | Dem | Indef | month | 3-close | Asp | around | Emph | 3.say | 3.Pron | Def.Det [Sp] | chief: |
Then after almost a month, the chief said to him:
Luego, después un poco antes de cumplir un mes, le dijo el cacique:
-Nde-re-ho-sé-i | piko | nde | róga-pe | re-visita | nde | roga-ygua-kuéra. |
-Neg-2Sg-go-Des-Neg | Q | 2Sg.Poss | house-Loc | 2Sg-visit | 2Sg.Poss | house-place-Pl |
"Don’t you want to go to visit your family?"
- No queres irte a tu casa a visitarle a tus familiares.
-A-ha-se, | áça katu | a-kyhyjé-ngo. |
1Sg-go-Des, | but.Conj | 1Sg-afraid-FOC |
"I want to, but I am afraid."
- Me quiero ir pero tengo miedo.
-Ani | re-kyhyje-te-i | –he’i | chupe; | che | a-mondó-ta | nendive | peteï | che | ra’y. |
--Neg | 2Sg-afraid-Superl-Neg | 3.say | 3.Pron | 1Sg.Pro | 1Sg-send-Prosp | 2Sg.with | one | 1Sg.Poss | son |
"Don’t be afraid," he said to him, "I will send my son with you..."
-No tengas miedo- le dijo -; yo le voy a mandar contigo a un hijo mío...
O-ñangareko | -va’erä | nde | rehe. |
3-take.care | -Mod | 2Sg | Obl.P |
...he can take care of you,
...que te pueda cuidar a vos,
ha | upéi | o-së | la | tóldo | guý-gui | la | indio-i | peteï | i-jao’-ÿ-va, |
Conj | then | 3-go.out | Def.Det [Sp] | tent | under-from.Prep | Def.Det [Sp] | indian-Dim | one | 3.Poss-clothes-Neg-Rel |
...and then a little indian without clothes came from.Prep under the tent,
...y después salió de debajo del toldo un indiecito sin ropa,
áça katu | ndo-hechá-i | la | i-pire; | o-ñe-moï | la | karai | yké-re. |
But.Conj | Neg-see-Neg | Def.Det [Sp] | 3.Poss skin; | 3-Refl-put | Def.Det [Sp] | man | next-Obl |
...but he did not see [the color of] his skin; he put himself next to the man.
...pero no le vio su [color de] piel. Se puso al lado del señor.
Ha | ndaje | o-së-vo | la | tolderiá-gui | la | karai, | no-ñe-ñandu-vé-i. |
Conj | Report.Evid | 3-go.out-Simult | Def.Det [Sp] | tent-from.Prep | Def.Det [Sp] | man, | Neg-Refl-remember-more-Neg. |
And it is said that when the man came out of the tent, he did not remember anything anymore.
Y se dice que al salir del campamento el señor ya no se acordaba de nada.
"Nd-ai-kuaá-iko | che | a-ké-pa | ra'eEmbedded, wh-complement, matrix subject (speaker) oriented | térä-pa | mba’e | la | oi-kó-va" | --he’i. |
Neg-1Sg-know-FOC | 1Sg.Pro | 1Sg-sleep-Q | Evid | but.Conj-Q | thing | Def.Det[Sp] | 3-happen-Rel | 3.say |
“I didn’t know whether I was sleeping or what was happening,” he said.
“No sabía si yo estaba durmiendo había sido o que lo que estaba pasando,” dijo.
Ha | áçaite-rante | ha | ha’e-te | ku | o-páy-va: | “Ha | péa-ngo | che | róga,” | he’i | la | karai. |
Conj | soon-FOC | Conj | 3.be-Superl | Dem | 3-wake.up-Rel: | “Conj | Dem-FOC | 1Sg.Poss | house" | 3.say | Def.Det [Sp] | man |
And soon, it seemed like he was waking up: “And that is my house,” said the man.
Y enseguida parecía que ya se despertaba: “y esa es mi casa”, dijo el señor.
O-ñe-ñandu | hóga | portón-pe | -ma. |
3-Refl-feel | 3.Poss-house | gate-Loc | -Asp. |
He felt like he was at the gate of his house.
Se sintió en el portón de su casa.
O-guahë | pyhare-reí | -ma, |
3-arrive | night-mid | -Asp |
It was midnight already when he arrived,
Llegó ya en medio de la noche,
Ha | ndaje | hembireko | oi-kutu | ryguasu | o-ke | -há-guiLocational Relative Pronoun 'ha' | hína,Continuative |
Conj | Report.Evid | 3.Poss-wife | 3-stick | chicken | 3-sleep | -Rel.Loc | Cont |
...And it is said that his wife stuck a knife where a chicken was sleeping,
...y dicen que su señora clavo una gallina en donde estaba dormida,
O-juka, | o-mbochyryry | chupe | ha | o-sena | ha’e | la | indio | karape-mi | avei, | i-mesá-pe. |
3-kill, | 3-fried | 3.Pron | Conj | 3-dine | 3.Pron | Def.Det [Sp] | indian | small-Dim | also | 3Pos-table-Loc |
She killed and fried for him, and he had dinner, with the little Indian also, at his table.
Mató, fritó para él y cenó el -- con el indio bajito también- en su mesa.
O-sena-mba | porã | upé-pe | hikuái, |
3-dine-all | well | there-Loc | 3.Pron.Pl, |
They all dined well there,
Cenaron todos bien allí ellos,
ha | “aní-ke ne | ko’ẽ, | háke | akói | re-je-heka,” | he’i | chupe | la | hembireko, |
Conj | “Neg-Imp | 2Sg-dawn, | watch.out | always | 2Sg-Refl-search," | 3.say | 3.Pron | Def.Det [Sp] | 3Pos.wife |
...and, “Don’t stay up until dawn, watch out that they are always looking for you,” said his wife,
...y, “no vayas a amanecer, cuidado que siempre te están buscando,” le dijo su señora,
“o-je-peka | nde-rehe | hína."Continuative |
“3-Refl-fish | 2Sg-Obl.P | Cont.” |
“They are out fishing for you.”
“Están pescando por vos."
Upéi | o-së | o-je-depedi | la | hembirekó-gui, |
Then | 3-go.out | 3-Refl-goodbye | Def.Det [Sp] | 3.Poss.wife-from.Prep |
Then he came out to say goodbye to his wife,
Después salió a despedirse de su esposa,
ha | o-së-vo | pe | portón-pe | ha’e, | no-ñe-ñandu-vé-i | jey. |
Conj | 3-go.out-Simult | Dem | gate-Loc | 3.Subj, | Neg-Refl-feel-more-Neg | again. |
...and when he went out to the gate, again he did not feel anything.
...y al salir al portón él, ya no se sintió más otra vez.
Ha | o-ke | vaicha | jey | –nd-oi-kuaá-i | mboy | aravó-pa |
Conj | 3-sleep | seem | again | –Neg-3-know-Neg | how.much | time-Q |
And it seemed like he was sleeping again –he did not know how long.
Y pareciera que dormía otra vez- no sabía cuánto tiempo.
Ha | upéi | ha’e-te | ku | o-páy | jeý | -ma | -va | ha | o-je-juhú | -ma | la | te’ýi | reko | -hápeLocational Relative Pronoun 'ha' | jey. |
Conj | then | be-Superl | Dem | 3-wake.up | again | -Asp | -Rel | Conj | 3-Refl-find | -Asp | Def.Det [Sp] | people | live | -Rel.Loc | again. |
And then it seemed that he woke up again and found himself again where people [of the camp] lived.
Y después parecía que ya se despertó otra vez y se encontraba donde viven las personas [de la toldería] otra vez.