Funded by NSF BCS-1917619 (2019-2024)
Funded by USC Emeritus Center 2024-2025
Ostrich Conj turtle 3Pl-compete race
Hover over Guaraní morphemes written in purple to see their syntactic function.
Audio for Story #6:
Ñandu | ningo | la | i-ñ-akuã-vé | -vaRelativizer 'va' | vícho | kuéra [mymba-kuéra] | apyté-pe, |
Ostrich | FOC | Def.Det | 3.Poss-fast-more | -Rel | animal | Pl | among-Loc |
Ostrich is the fastest among the animals,
Avestruz es el más veloz entre los animales,
ha | hetá-pe | upéa | nd-o-gustá-i |
Conj | lots-IO | those | Neg-3Pl-like-Neg |
and many do not like that.
y a muchos eso no les gusta.
Peteĩ | diá-pe | o-ño-mongeta | joa | hínaContinuative | animal | kuéra, |
One | day-Loc | 3Pl-Rec-converse | together | Cont | animal | Pl |
One day the animals were having a conversation,
Un día estaban conversando juntos los animales,
o-hecha | haguãIrrealis Subordinator 'ha' | máva-pa | i-katu | o-mo-ha’ã | ñandu | ndive | karréra. |
3Pl-see | Sub.Irr | who-Q | 3.Poss-ability | 3Sg-TR-play [compete] | ostrich | with | race |
to see who could compete in the race with the ostrich.
para ver quien podría competir en la carrera con el avestruz.
O-guahẽ | karumbe | avei | upé-pe, | la | ño-mongeta- | há-pe.Locational Relative Pronoun 'ha' |
3Sg-arrive | turtle | also | Dem-Loc | Def.Det | Rec-converse | Rel-Loc |
The turtle also arrived there, where they were having a conversation.
Llegó la Tortuga también ahí, en la conversación.
O-hendu | hínaContinuative | ha’e | avei. |
3Sg-listen | Cont | 3.Pron | also |
She was also listening.
Estaba escuchando también ella.
O-je-puka-pa | voi 'Voi' Focalizer Particle | kuriRetrospective Aspect 'kuri' | ha’e | o-guahẽ | -vo.Simultaneous Conjunction |
3Pl-Refl-laugh-Compl | Emph | Retrosp.Asp | 3.Pron | 3Sg-arrive | -Conj.Simult |
They all laughed when she arrived.
Se rieron cuando ella llegó.
Ha | upéi-ngo | o-sẽ | karumbe | he’i: |
Conj | then-FOC | 3Sg-go.out | turte | 3Sg.say |
And then the turtle came out and said:
Y después salió la tortuga a decir:
––Che | a-ha’ã | -taProspective Aspect | ñandú-pe | la | karréra. |
––1Sg.Pron.Subj | 1Sg-play | -Prosp | ostrich-IO | Def.Det | race |
"I will compete with the ostrich at the race."
"Yo le voy a jugar la carrera al avestruz."
O-ĩ | o-puká | -vaRelativizer 'va' | hese, | o-ĩ | i-pochý | -va,Relativizer 'va' |
3Sg-exist | 3Sg-laugh | -Rel | 3Sg.Obl | 3Sg-exist | 3.Poss-angry | -Rel |
There were those that laughed at her, those that got angry,
Hay quienes reían de ella, había quienes se enojaron,
ha | o-ĩ | katu | o-hendu-’ỹ-õ | guáicha-nte | o-hó | [va]Relativizer 'va' | upé-gui |
Conj | 3Sg-exit | Emph | 3Sg-listen-Neg-Cond | like-only | 3Pl-go | [Rel] | there-Prep |
and those, as if they hadn’t heard anything, left.
y había quienes, como si no oyeran nada, se retiraron [se fueron de ahí].
Upéi | o-guahẽ | ñandu | apysá-pe | upéa, |
Then | 3Sg-arrive | ostrich | ear-Loc | that |
And then that arrived at the ostrich’s ear,
Y después llegó eso al oído del avestruz,
ha | ijypyrã | n-o-pená-i | voi 'Voi' Focalizer Particle | hese | ha’e. |
Conj | beginning | Neg-3Sg-pay.attention-Neg | Emph | 3Pl.Pron.Obl | 3.Pron |
and at the beginning he did not pay attention.
y al comienzo no hizo caso de eso.
Ha | upéi-ngo | o-u | voi 'Voi' Focalizer Particle | hendá-pe | karumbe: |
Conj | then-FOC | 3Sg-come | Emph | 3.Poss.place-Loc | turtle |
And then he came to the turtle [to the place where the turtle was]
Y después vino expresamente junto a la avestruz la tortuga:
––Che | la | a-jeruré | -vaRelativizer 'va' | ndéve | ––he’i | chupe | karumbe |
––1Sg.Pron.Subj | Def.Det | 1Sg-ask | -Rel | 2Sg.Pron.IO | ––3Sg.say | 3Sg.Pron.IO | turtle |
"What I ask you," the turtle said to him,
"Yo lo que te pido a vos," le dijo la tortuga,
––e-me’ẽ | chéve | tiémpo | ta-ñe-ntrena-mi. |
––Imp-give | 1Sg.Pron.IO | time | Imp-Refl-train-Dim |
"give me time so that I can train a bit."
"dame tiempo para que me entrene un poco."
Upéi | o-moĩ | -maAspect/Focalizer '-ma' | hikuái | la | fécha, | ha | o-ñaní | -taProspective Aspect | mokõi-ve. |
Then | 3Pl-put | -Asp | 3Pl.Pron.Subj | Def.Det | date | Conj | 3Pl-run | -Prosp | two-more |
Then they set a date, and the two will be racing.
Después ya pusieron la fecha, y van a correr los dos.
Ha | la | karréra | dia | o-guahẽ | mboyve, |
Conj | Def.Det | race | day | 3Sg-arrive | before |
And before the day of the race arrived,
Y antes de que llegara el día de la carrera,
o-ho-pa-ite | la | karumbe | hénte | kuéra | la | káncha-pe. |
3Pl-go-Compl-Superl | Def.Det | turtle | people | Pl | Def.Det | race.field-Loc |
all the turtle’s people went to the race field.
se fueron todas las gentes (parientes) de la tortuga a la cancha.
O-je-kuaa-se | maerã-pa. |
3Pl-Refl-know-Des | what.for-Q |
They wanted to know what for.
La gente quería saber para qué.
Upéi-ngo | o-guahẽ | la | ára, | ha | o-sẽ | -taProspective Aspect | -maAspect/Focalizer '-ma' | hikuái. |
Then-FOC | 3Sg-arrive | Def.Det | day | Conj | 3Sg-go.out | -Prosp | -Asp | 3Pl.Pron.Subj |
Then the day arrived and everybody was already coming out.
Luego llegó el día, y ya van a salir todos.
Kapi’í-pe | ravuku | la | káncha-pe. |
Grass-Loc | long | Def.Det | field-Loc |
The grass on the field was long.
El pasto estaba largo en la cancha.
O-ja | karumbe | la | káncha | akã-me | ha | o-ja | aveí | ñandu |
3Sg-get.close | turtle | Def.Det | field | head-Loc | Conj | 3Sg-get.close | also | ostrich |
The turtle got close to the head of the field and the ostrich also got close.
Se acercó la tortuga a la cabecera de la cancha y se acercó también el avestruz.
O-mbo-kapu | la | hue | ha | o-ho | mokõi-vé | -vaRelativizer 'va' | o-sẽ. |
3Sg-TR-shot | Def.Det | judge | Conj | 3Pl-go | two-more | -Rel | 3Pl-go.out |
The judge shot and both got started.
Disparó el juez y fueron a salir los dos.
Ha | karumbé-ngo | nd-o-je-kuaá-i | voi 'Voi' Focalizer Particle | la | kapi’í-pe | kuápe. |
Conj | turtle-FOC | Neg-3Sg-Refl-know-Neg | Emph | Def.Det | grass-Loc | inside |
And the turtle could not be seen in the long grass.
Y a la tortuga no se le distinguía ( se le veía ) luego entre el pasto largo.
O-dipara | hatã | o-ho | -voSimultaneous Conjunction | ñandu, |
3Sg-run | strong | 3Sg-go | -Conj.Simult | ostrich |
The ostrich went running fast
Iba corriendo velozmente el avestruz,
ha | oi-kuaa-se | mba’é-pa | oi-ko | karumbé-gui: |
Conj | 3Sg-know-Des | what-Q | 3Sg-exist | turtle-Prep |
and he wanted to know what happened to the turtle.
y quería saber qué (pasó) hubo de la tortuga:
––Moõ-pa | rei-me | ––he’i | chupe. |
––where-Q | 2Sg-be | ––3Sg.say | 3Sg.Pron.IO |
"Where are you?" he said to her.
"¿Dónde estás?" le dijo.
––Ápe | ai-me | ––he’i | chupe | karumbe, | pe | mokõi | paso | há-peLocational Relative Pronoun 'ha' | henonde-rã. |
––Here | 1Sg-am | ––3Sg.say | 3Sg.Pron.IO | turtle | Dem | two | step | Rel-Loc | place-Irrealis |
"Here I am," the turtle said to him, "two steps away from you."
"Aquí estoy," le dijo tortuga, "a dos pasos delante del avestruz."
Tuicha-iterei | ñandu | o-ñe-mondýi, | ha | upe- | -maAspect/Focalizer '-ma' | hatã-terei-ve | o-dipara. |
Big-Superl | ostrich | 3Sg-Refl-frighten | Conj | then | Asp-Cond | strong-Superl-more | 3Sg-ran |
The ostrich got very frightened and then ran even faster.
Muy grande se asustó el avestruz, y entonces más velozmente corrió.
Ha | pe | o-ho | mbyte | rupi: |
Conj | Dem | 3Sg-go | middle | around |
And then around midway:
Y ahí yendo por la mitad del camino:
––Moõ-pa | rei-me | ––he’i | jey | chupe. |
––Where-Q | 2Sg.-exist | ––3Sg-say | again | 3Sg.Pron.IO |
"Where are you?" he said to her again.
"¿Dónde estás?," le dijo de vuelta.
––Ápe | ai-me | ––he’i | jey | avei | chupe | karumbe, |
––Here | 1Sg-be | ––3Sg.say | again | also | 3Sg.Pron.IO | turtle |
"Here I am," she said to him again,
"Aquí estoy," le dijo devuelta otra vez,
––pe | mokõi | paso- | há-peLocational Relative Pronoun 'ha' | henonde-rã. |
––Dem | two | step- | Rel-Loc | place-Irrealis |
"two steps away from where you are."
"a dos pasos delante de donde estás."
I-tavý | -taProspective Aspect | ñandu, | o-dipara-pa-ite |
3.Poss-crazy | -Prosp | ostrich | 3Sg-run-Compl-Superl |
The ostrich will go crazy, he goes faster
Se va a volver loco el avestruz, corre más velozmente
ha | o-ho | o-guahẽ | -voSimultaneous Conjunction | la | kancha | akã-me |
Conj | 3Sg-go | 3Sg-arrive | -Conj.Simult | Def.Det | field | head-Loc |
and when it arrived at the head of the field,
y al ir llegando en la cabeza de la cancha
o-juhu | karumbe | o-ĩ | -maAspect/Focalizer '-ma' | hínaAssertive. Temporal interpretation doesn't change in the absence of hina. | upé-pe. |
3Sg-find | turtle | 3Sg-be | -Asp | Cont | Dem-Loc |
he found that the turtle was already there.
le encuentra a la tortuga que estaba ya ahí.
Nimbo | ha’e | umi | i-hénte | o-ho | va’ekueRelativizer/Distal | la | karrera- | há-peLocational Relative Pronoun 'ha' | -rãicha |
Part | 3Sg.Cop | Dem | 3.Poss-people | 3Sg-go | Rel.Distal | Def.Det | race- | Rel-Loc | -like |
It turned out that her people that had gone to the race,
Y había sido que ésta su gente que se habían ido a la carrera [como para la carrera]
o-moĩ-mba-ite | ra'eMatrix ra'e, speaker oriented | la | káncha | puku-kue | javeve, | pe | kapi’í-pe | kuápe. |
3Sg-put-Compl-Superl | Evid | Def.Det | field | length-former | meanwhile | Dem | grass-Loc | inside |
had meanwhile fully positioned themselves along the entire length of the field, inside the grass. [the narrator realizes]
se colocaron a lo largo de la cancha, dentro del largo pasto.
Ha | káda [vez] | ñandu | o-porandu | ichupe | moõ-pa | oi-me, |
Conj | each [time] | ostrich | 3Sg-ask | 3Sg.Pron.IO | where-Q | 3Sg-exist |
And each time that the ostrich asked her where she was,
Y cada vez que el avestruz le preguntaba dónde estaba,
Pe | henonde-rã | o-ĩ | -vaRelativizer 'va' | -nte | o-mbo-hovái | chupe. |
Dem | place-Irrealis | 3Sg-exist | -Rel | -only | 3Sg-TR-front | 3Sg.Pron.IO |
The one that was in front [of the ostrich] was the one who responded.
Ese que estaba delante [del avestruz] era él que le respondía.
Ha | o-jo-jogua-iterei | rupi | hikuái, |
Conj | 3Pl-Rec-alike-Superl | around | 3Pl.Pron.Subj |
And all of them looked very much alike,
Y todos ellos se parecían mucho,
mavave | nd-o-pillá-i | la | oi-kó | -va,Relativizer 'va' |
nobody | Neg-3Sg-find.out-Neg | Def.Det | 3Sg-exist | -Rel |
nobody found out what was going on,
nadie se dio cuenta de lo que pasaba,
ha | o-gana | karumbe | ñandú-pe. |
Conj | 3Sg-win | turtle | ostrich-Loc |
and the turtle won the race.
y ganó la tortuga al avestruz.