Funded by NSF BCS-1917619
3Sg-die-Cond-FOC 3Sg-vent Mod
Hover over Guaraní morphemes written in purple to see their syntactic function.
Audio for Story #5:
Ka’aguy | pa’u-me, | ja-hypytý-vo | tuichá | -vaRelativizer 'va' | yvy-pe, |
Forest | middle-Loc | 1Pl.Incl-reach-Conj.Simult | big- | Rel | ground-Loc |
In the middle of the forest, when reaching a large ground area,
Dentro del bosque, al alcanzar nosotros un suelo grande,
o-ĩ | peteĩ | ygua | kakuaa, | hoy’u- | há[-pe]Locational Relative Pronoun 'ha' | opa-ite | animal | ka’aguy. |
3Sg-exist | one | spring | big [water fountain] | 3Pl.drink- | Rel[-Loc] | all-Superl | animal | forest |
there is a big spring, where all the animals of the forest drink.
había una surgente de agua grande, donde todos los animales del bosque beben.
Upéi-nte, | peteĩ | ko’ẽ-me, | ahy’o-soró-pe | o-sapukái | sapy’a | jaguarete | ha | he’i: |
Dem-FOC | one | day-Loc | throat-torn-Loc | 3Sg-shout | suddenly | tiger | Conj | 3Sg.say |
Suddenly, one day, the tiger shouted out:
De pronto, un día, [garganta desgarrar.Loc] gritó de repente el jaguareté y dijo:
——Ko’á-gui | che | año-nté | -maAspect/Focalizer '-ma' | hay’ú | -taProspective Aspect | ko’á-pe, |
——Here-Prep | 1.Pron | alone-only | -Asp | 1Sg.drink | -Prosp | here-Loc |
"From here on, only I will drink here,
"De ahora [en más] yo solamente voy a beber aquí,
che | mba’é | -maAspect/Focalizer '-ma' | ko | ygua. |
1Sg.Poss | thing | -Asp | Dem | spring |
this spring is mine."
"es mía esta surgente."
Upe-te | guive, | ótro | kuéra | hapicha | ka’aguy |
Dem-Superl | from | another | Pl | alike | (Prep) forest |
From then on, other animals from the forest
Desde ese momento, otros [ambue] semejante salvaje
nd-o-javé-i-va | upe | y | rembe’ý-pe. |
Neg-3Sg-get.close-Neg-Hab | Dem | water | shore-Loc |
did not usually get close to the shore of that spring.
no se solían acercar a la orilla de esa surgente.
Jaguarete [ãga] | katu, | pyhareve | asajé-vo, | katu-ete | o-guejy | upé-pe | hoy’u. |
Tiger | Conj | morning | middle-Asp.Goal | Mod-Superl | 3Sg-come.down | Dem-Loc | 3Sg.drink |
But the tiger, at mid-morning, for sure comes down to drink there.
Sin embargo jaguareté, a media mañana, sin falta baja ahí a beber.
Upéi | peteĩ | ára-pe, | o-guejy-jeý-vo | jaguarete, | o-juhu | i-tyai | pe | y |
Then | one | day-Loc | 3Sg.come-down-again-Conj.Simult | tiger | 3Sg-find | turbulent | Dem | water |
And then one day, when the tiger came down again, he found that water turbulent,
Y después un día, al bajarse otra vez el jaguareté, encontró turbia esa agua,
ha | o-ĩ | pypore | upe | ijere | rehe. |
Conj | 3Sg-exist | footprints | Dem | surrounding | Prep.Obl |
and there were footprints in the surrounding area.
y habían pisadas ahí por los alrededores.
O-ma’ẽ | ma’ẽ | upé-rupi | ha | o-pillá | -maAspect/Focalizer '-ma' | ka’i | kuéra |
3Sg-look | look | Dem-around | Conj | 3Sg-saw | -Asp | monkey-Pl | Pl |
He looked and looked around and caught on [to the fact] that the monkeys
Miró, miró por ahí y pilló que los monos
o-guejy- | hagueTerminative Subordinator | hoy’u | i-jyguá-pe | ra'eEmbedded ra’e: matrix subject oriented jaguareté’s discovery/realization that the monkeys had come to drink there |
3Sg.come-down | Sub.TermAsp | 3Pl.drink | 3.Poss-fountain-Loc | Evid |
who had come down to drink in his fountain.
habían bajado a tomar en su fuente (había sido que).
——Ko’ãva-pe | a-mo-kasõ | -taProspective Aspect | ——he’i | jaguarete |
——Dem-DOM | 1Sg-Caus-pant | -Prosp | ——3Sg.say | tiger |
"I will show them (give them a beating)," said the tiger
"A estos le voy a poner los pantalones [dar un escarmiento]," dijo el jaguareté
ha | o-pyta | o-mangea | hese | kuéra | peteĩ | yvyra-gúy-pe. |
Conj | 3Sg-stay | 3Sg-catch | 3Sg.Pron.Obl | Pl | one | tree-under-Loc |
and he stayed under the tree to catch them.
y se quedó a pescarlos debajo de un árbol.
[Ãga] Katu | mamo | ahẽ-pa? |
Conj | where | devils-Q |
But where are the devils?
Pero dónde [están] esos diablos?
Upe | diá-pe | nd-o-guejý-i | ni | peteĩ | ka’i | la | y | rembe’ý-pe. |
Dem | day-Loc | Neg-3Sg-bring-Neg | Neg.Conj | one | monkey | Def.Det | water | shore-Loc |
On that day not one monkey came down to the fountain [shores].
Ese día no bajaron ni un mono a la orilla de la fuente.
Upẽ | -maAspect/Focalizer '-ma' | -rõ, | are-mi | nd-o-ho-vé-i | avei | jaguarete | ykuá-pe, |
Then | -Asp | -Conj | time-Dim | Neg-3Sg-go-more-Neg | also | tiger | spring-Loc |
Then, for a long time the tiger did not go to the spring.
Entonces, un largo tiempo tampoco se fue el jaguareté al manantial.
ha | upe | aja | o-pensa | mba’éicha-pa | ka’i | kuéra | o-itý | -taProspective Aspect | i-vokó-pe. |
Conj | Dem | meanwhile | 3Sg-think | how-Q | monkey | Pl | 3Sg-throw | -Prosp | 3.Poss-bag-Loc |
And he thought how he will throw the monkeys into his bag.
Y mientras tanto piensa como les va a echar a los monos en su bolsa.
Upéi | peteĩ | pyhareve | asaje | jaguarete | o-guejy, |
Then | one | morning | mid | tiger | 3Sg-come.down |
Then one morning around noon the tiger came down,
Después una mañana hacia el mediodía el jaguareté bajo,
ha | pe | ygua | rapé-pe | o-ho | o-ñeno, |
Conj | Dem | spring | groove-Loc | 3Sg-go | 3Sg-sleep |
and in the groove of the spring, he went to sleep,
y en el surco del agua se fue acostarse,
o-jepysopa-ite, | ku | o-mano-ite | ramo-guáicha. |
3Sg-extend-Superl | Dem | 3Sg-die-Superl | if-as |
he extended himself as if he were dead.
se extendió totalmente, como si estuviera muerto.
——O-ñe-mo’aguĩ-vo | che-hegui, | a-pó | -taProspective Aspect | hi’ári | kuéra |
——3-Refl-come.close-Conj.Simult | 1Sg-Pron.Obl | 1Sg-jump | -Prosp | 3Pl.Pron.on | Pl |
"As they get close to me, I will jump on them,"
"Al acercarse a mí, voy a saltar encima de ellos,"
——he’i | ha | o-ñe-mongete. |
——3Sg.Pron | Conj | 3Sg-Refl-asleep |
he said and he pretended to be asleep.
dijo y se hizo el dormido.
Upéi | o-guahẽ | ka’i | pandilla, | o-mbiriki | joa | o-ú-vo, |
Then | 3Sg-bring | monkey | gang | 3Sg-screech | together | 3Sg-come-Conj.Simult |
Then the gang of monkeys arrived, screeching together, [lit. came screeching]
Luego llegó la pandilla de monos, chillaron juntos al venir,
ha | o-hechá-vo | o-jepyso | jaguarete | hínaAssertive/Emphasis on jaguarete | upé-pe, | he’i | peteĩ | -va:Relativizer 'va' |
Conj | 3Sg-saw-Conj.Simult | 3Sg-extended | tiger | Cont | Dem-Loc | 3Sg.say | one | -Rel |
and when he saw the tiger extended there, one said:
y al ver extendido al jaguareté ahí, dijo uno:
——Ma’ẽ, | o-manó-mbo | amigo | jaguarete | ápe | ra'eMatrix ra'e, speaker oriented - realization of the speaker/monkey | ——he’i | ndaje.Reportative Evidential 'ndaje' |
——Look | 3Sg-die-Part | friend | tiger | here | Evid | ——3Sg.say | Report.Evid |
"Look, the friend tiger died here, it appears," it is said that he said.
"Mira, murió aquí el amigo jaguareté, había sido," se dice que dijo.
O-je-volea | mombyry-mí-nte | voi 'Voi' Focalizer Particle | chugui | la | ka’i | kuéra, |
3Pl-Refl-round | afar-Dim-FOC | FOC | 3Sg.Pron.Obl | Def.Det | monkey | Pl |
The monkeys turned around and around him from afar,
Se dieron vuelta y vuelta los monos desde lejos alrededor de él,
o-jere | jere | hese | hikuái. |
3Pl-go.around | around | 3Sg.Pron.Obl | 3Pl.Pron.Subj |
they go around and around him.
vuelta y vuelta.
Upéi | o-ja’i-mie | peteĩ | ka’i | kuña | ha | o-poko | hese: |
Then | 3Sg-get.close-Dim.more | one | monkey | female | Conj | 3Sg-touch | 3Sg.Pron.Obl |
Then a female got a bit closer and touched him:
Después se acercó un poco más una mona y le tocó:
o-japysaka | jaguarete | py’a | rehe, |
3Sg-examine | tiger | belly | Prep.Obl |
she examined the tiger’s belly
ausculta al tigre sobre su panza
o-pilla | haguãIrrealis Subordinator 'ha' | na-i-pytuhẽ-i-pa. |
3Sg-see | Sub.Irr | Neg-3.Poss-breath-Neg-Q |
to see if he is breathing.
para darse cuenta si respira o no.
O-ñandú-vo | upéa | "el finado," | o-joko-ite | i-pytu, | ha | he’i | iypy’á-pe: |
3Sg-feel-Conj.Simult | Dem | the dead.one | 3Sg-stop-Superl | 3.Poss-breath | Conj | 3Sg.say | self-IO |
When the "dead one" felt that, he held his breath, and said to himself:
Al sentir eso el muerto, atajó su respiración, y dijo para sí:
——A-ha’arõ | -taProspective Aspect | ∅Covert Direct Object Pronoun | o-ñe-mboja-pa | hikuái, |
——1Sg-wait | -Prosp | 3.Pron.DO | 3Pl-Refl-get.close-Compl | 3Pl.Pron.Subj |
"I will wait for them all to get closer
"Voy a esperar que se acerquen todos,
a-po | haguãIrrealis Subordinator 'ha' | hiári | kuéra. |
1Sg.jump | Sub.Irr | 3Pl.Pron.on | Pl |
to jump on them."
para saltar encima de ellos."
Upe | aja | otro | ka’i | o-japysaka | hye, |
Dem | while | another | monkey | 3Sg-examine | 3.Poss.belly |
Meanwhile another monkey examined his belly,
Mientras tanto, otra mano auscultaba su panza,
itĩ, | ha | i-japysa | rehe. |
3.Poss.nose | Conj | 3.Poss.ear | Prep.Obl |
his nose, and his ear.
su nariz y su oreja.
Jaguarete | katu | itái-cha | o-kirirĩ. |
Tiger | Emph | stone-like | 3Sg-silent |
Meanwhile the tiger was silent like a stone.
El jaguareté como la piedra en silencio.
Upé-vo | o-ja | avei | i-jypýpe | peteĩ | ka’i |
Dem-Conj.Simult | 3Sg-get.close | also | 3.Poss-ability.side | one | monkey |
At that moment, a monkey approached him on his side
En ese momento se le acercó a su lado un mono
i-pirãi-vé | -vaRelativizer 'va' | ha | o-sapukái: |
3.Poss-dare-more | -Rel | Conj | 3Sg-scream |
who was more daring (the monkey) and screamed:
que es más atrevido y gritó:
——Péa | n-o-manói, | péa | n-o-manó-i! | ——he’i | ndaje,Reportative Evidential 'ndaje' |
——Dem | Neg-3Sg-die-Neg | Dem | Neg-3Sg-die-Neg | ——3Sg.say | Report.Evid |
"This one did not die, this one did not die!" it is said he said,
"Este no murió, este no murió!" se dice que dijo,
——oi-mé-rõ | añete | la | o-mano | ningo, | o-pyno | arã [va’erã]. |
——3Sg-exist-Cond | truly | Def.Det | 3Sg-die | FOC | 3Sg-release.gas | Mod |
"if he really died he must release gas."
"si es que realmente murió, tiene que ventosear."
O-hendú-vo | upéa, | o-ña’ã | jaguarete | ha | puuu! | Puuu! | O-pyno. |
3Sg-listen-Conj.Simult | Dem | 3Sg-make.effort | tiger | Conj | puuu | Puuu | 3Sg-release.gas |
When he heard that, the tiger made an effort and puuu! Puuu! He released gas.
Al escuchar eso, hizo el esfuerzo el jaguareté y puuu! Puuu! Ventoseó.
Upé | -maAspect/Focalizer '-ma' | -rõ | o-ja | ka’i | ruvicha | ha | he’i | ta’ýra | kuéra-pe: |
Dem | -Asp | -Cond | 3Sg-get.close | monkey | leader | Conj | 3Sg.say | son | Pl-IO |
Then he got close to the leader of the monkeys and said to their sons:
Entonces se acercó el jefe de los monos y les dijo a sus hijos.
——Pe-i-po-kua | ha | pe-i-py-kua |
——Imp.2Pl-3.Poss-hand-tie | Conj | Imp.2Pl-3.Poss-foot-tie |
"Handcuff his hands and feet
"Espósale de manos y pies
ha | ja-gueraha | japoi | chugui | ku | ka’aguy | yvate, |
Conj | 1Pl.Incl-take | throw | 3Sg.Pron-Obl | Dem | forest | high |
and let's take him to throw him at the height of the forest
y le llevamos a tirar en lo alto del bosque
heta-ite | o-ĩ | há-peLocational Relative Pronoun 'ha' | guasu’i, |
a.lot-Superl | 3Sg-exist- | Rel-Loc | deer |
where there are lots of deer;
donde hay tantos venados,
tovy’a-mi | guasu | kuéra | o-hechá-vo | o-mano- | haSubordinator 'ha' | jaguarete. |
be.happy-Dim | deer | Pl | 3Pl-see-Conj.Simult | 3Sg-die- | Sub | tiger |
the deer will be happy when they see that the tiger is dead.
que se alegren los venados al ver que se murió el jaguareté.
Upé-pe | ja-jorá | -taProspective Aspect | chugui | i-kupy | sã. |
Dem-Loc | 1Pl-untie | -Prosp | 3Sg.Pron-Obl | 3.Poss-ankle | rope |
There we will untie the rope from his ankles."
Ahí le vamos a desatar la cuerda de su tobillo."
O-hekýi | ysypo | ka’i | ruvicha | ha | oi-py-kua | ha | o-juru-jokua | rire | jaguareté-pe, |
3Sg-tear | rope | monkey | leader | Conj | 3Sg-feet-tie | Conj | 3Sg-mouth-tie | after | tiger-DOM |
The leader of the monkeys tore the vine and after he tied the tiger’s feet and mouth,
Arrancó la liana el jefe de los monos y, después de atarle los pies y la boca al jaguareté,
o-ko’i | hese | hikuái | ha | o-gueraha | mombyry | chupe Overt Direct Object (DO) Pronoun | upé-gui. |
3Pl-get.together | 3Sg.Pron.Obl | 3Pl.Pron.Subj | Conj | 3Pl-take | far | 3.Pron.DO | Dem-Prep |
They all got together and took him far from there.
Se juntaron todos y le llevaron lejos de ahí.
Mombyry | porã | o-gueraha | rire | hikuái, | he’i | ka’i | ruvicha | ta’ýra | kuéra-pe: |
Far | well | 3Pl-take | after | 3Pl.Pron.Subj | 3Sg.say | monkey | leader | sons | Pl-DOM |
After taking him far away, the monkey’s leader said to his sons:
Después de llevarle bien lejos, el jefe de los monos le dijo a sus hijos:
——Pe-mboguejy | ∅Covert Direct Object Pronoun | ko | ñu | perõ-me, | ja-pytu’u-mi | ko | ahẽ | rymbá-gui. |
——Imp.2Pl-get.down | 3.Pron.DO | Dem | field | bare-Loc | 1Pl-rest-Dim | Dem | miserable | animal-Prep |
"Put him down in this bare field, let’s take rest of this miserable animal."
"Bájanle en este campo pelado, descansemos de este mísero animal."
Ha | jaguarete | oi-mo’ã | o-jorá | -taProspective Aspect | chupe Overt Direct Object (DO) Pronoun | hikuái | ra’ẽ,Embedded ra'e, matrix subject oriented (juagarete’s realization) |
Conj | tiger | 3Sg-think | 3Pl-untie | -Prosp | 3.Pron.DO | 3Pl.Pron.Subj | Evid |
And the tiger thought that they would untie him [he realized],
Y el jaguareté creyó que le iban a desatar [se dio cuenta],
kómo | la | o-manó | -maAspect/Focalizer '-ma' | ha’e. |
as | Def.Det | 3Sg-die | -Asp | 3.Pron |
as he is already dead.
como que él ya está muerto.
Ha | oi-tývo | chupe Overt Direct Object (DO) Pronoun | ka’i | umía | yvý-pe, |
Conj | 3Pl-throw.down | 3.Pron.DO | monkey | Dem | ground-Loc |
And the monkeys threw him to the ground
Y le echaron los monos al suelo
o-poí | -maAspect/Focalizer '-ma' | pý-gui | hikuái, |
3Pl-let.loose | -Asp | feet-Prep | 3Pl.Pron.Subj |
and ran away,
y se largaron a correr,
ha | o-pyta | jaguerete | upé-pe, | o-je-jokua- | há-pe.Locational Relative Pronoun 'ha' |
Conj | 3Sg-stay | tiger | Dem-Loc | 3Sg-Refl-tied- | Rel-Loc |
and the tiger stayed there, tied up.
y quedó ahí el jaguareté, atado.
Ha | mavave | nd-o-ja-sé-i | hese |
Conj | nobody | Neg-3Sg-get.close-Des-Neg | 3Sg.Pron.Obl |
And nobody wanted to get close to him
Y nadie quiso acercarse a él
o-jora | haguãIrrealis Subordinator 'ha' | chupe Overt Direct Object (DO) Pronoun | la | i-py-kua-ha. |
3Sg-undo | Sub.Irr | 3.Pron.DO | Def.Det | 3.Poss-feet-tie-Nom |
to untie him.
para deshacerle sus ataduras.
Upe | ára | guive, | ka’i | kuéra | rupi, |
Dem | day | from | monkey | Pl | around |
From that day on, thanks to the monkeys,
Desde ese día, mediante los monos,
enterove | ka’aguy-gua | o-j-ajoa | hoy’u | jey | upe | yvu | resatĩ | porã-me. |
all | forest-origin | 3Pl-Refl-get.close | 3Pl.drink | again | Dem | spring | transparent | nice-Loc |
all those from the forest again approached the spring to drink from that beautiful transparent spring water.
todos los del bosque se acercan todos a beber otra vez en ese manantial lindo y cristalino.