Funded by NSF BCS-1917619
Story #1
(1) | |||
——Nd-ai-katu | mo’ã-i | ai-pe’a | ndéve, Overt Direct Object (DO) Pronoun |
——Neg-1Sg-be.able | Prosp-Neg | 1Pl-take.out | 2Sg.Pron.DO |
"I will not be able to take you out,"
No podré sacarte,
pórke | nde | che-apeligra | he’i | chupe | la | típo. |
because | 2Sg.Pron.Subj | 1Sg-DO-endanger | 3Sg-say | 3.Pron.IO | Def.Det | guy |
"because you put me in danger," the guy [snake] said to him.
porque vos me pones en peligro, --le dijo el tipo.
(2) | |||||||
——ha | upéi | hasý-pe | la | karai’y | o-guenohẽ | chupeOvert Direct Object Pronoun | ra'eMatrix, speaker oriented evidentiality/slight surprise |
——Conj | then | fatigue-Loc | Def.Det | young.man | 3Sg-remove | 3.Pron.DO | Evid |
--and then in the end the young man took him out, it turns out.
--y después a la cansada el muchacho lo sacó.
(3) | ||||||
o-ú | -ma | la | mbói | ho’u | haguãIrrealis Subordinator 'ha' | chupeOvert Direct Object Pronoun" |
3Sg-eat | -Asp | Def.Det | snake | 3Sg-eat | Sub.Irr | 3.Pron.DO |
the snake came to eat him.
ya vino la víbora para comerle.
(4) | |||||
Péa | oréveOvert Direct Object Pronoun" | ore-jagarra, | ore-mosã, | o-jupi | ore ári, |
Dem.Pron-This | 1Pl.Excl.Pron.DO | 1Pl.Excl.DO-grab | 1Pl.Excl.DO-rope | 3Pl-get.on | 1Pl.Excl-on |
"Those ones grab us, rope us, gets on us,"
"Esos a nosotros nos agarran, nos enlazan,"
(5) | |||||
——Péa | oréveOvert Direct Object Pronoun" | ore-jokua | ore | akã-gui | yvyrá-re, |
——Dem.Pron-This | 1Pl.Excl.Pron.DO | 1Pl.Excl.DO-ties | 1Pl.Excl.Poss | head-Prep | wood-Pl.Obl |
"This one ties our head to the wood,"
"Este nos ata nuestra cabeza por la madera,"
(6) | |||||
ha | ko’ãga | ha’e | ho’u-se | chupeOvert Direct Object Pronoun" | hína.Emphasis on the pronoun ‘chupe’. No temporal contribution. |
Conj | now | 3.Pron | 3Sg-eat-Des | 3.Pron.DO | Emph |
and now he wants to eat him?
y ahora él le quiere comer a él?
Story #3
(1) | ||||
Ha | o-mbo-jepe’e | chupe Overt Direct Object (DO) Pronoun | la | kuñakarai. |
Conj | 3Sg-let.get.warm | 3.Pron.DO | Def.Det | woman |
And then the female (tiger) let him warm up.
Y la mujer le dejó calentarse.
(2) | ||
Ha | o-mo-nge | chupe Overt Direct Object (DO) Pronoun |
Conj | 3Sg-let-sleep | 3.Pron.DO |
And she let him sleep.
Y le dejo dormir.
Story #4
(1) | |||||
o-invitá-vo | avei | chupe Overt Direct Object (DO) Pronoun | i-sánto | ára-hápeLocational Relative Pronoun 'ha' | guarã. |
3Sg-invite-Asp.Goal | also | 3.Pron.DO | 3.Poss-saint | day-Rel.Loc | for |
to invite her also for his saint day.
a invitarla también para su día santo.
(2) | ||||
Ha | i-komádre | ae | no-momarã-i | chupe Overt Direct Object (DO) Pronoun |
Conj | 3.Poss-fem.close.friend | causal | Neg-let.down-Neg | 3.Pron.DO |
And his close friend did not let him down.
Y su comadre al fín no le defraudó.
(3) | |||
O-sẽ | voiFocalizer Particle 'voi' | o-huguaitĩ-vo | chupe. Overt Direct Object (DO) Pronoun |
3Sg-go.out | Emph | 3Sg-meet-Asp.Goal | 3.Pron.DO |
She came out to meet him.
Salió luego a su encuentro [a encontrarle].
(4) | |||
i-komái | añoite | n-o-momarãi | chupe. Overt Direct Object (DO) Pronoun |
3.Poss-fem.friend | alone | Neg-3Sg-let.down | 3.Pron.DO |
only his friend (she-goat) did not let him down.
su comadre solita no lo defraudó.
(5) | ||||||
Óga | jára | katu | nda-hory-pá-i, | o-ĩ | o-moangekói-va | chupe. Overt Direct Object (DO) Pronoun |
House | mistress | Emph | Neg-happy-Compl-Neg | 3Sg-exist | 3Sg-bother-Hab | 3.Pron.DO |
The mistress of the house was not entirely happy; something was bothering her.
La dueña de casa no estaba muy contenta [amable]; había algo que le molestaba.
Story #5
(1) | |||||||
o-ko’i | hese | hikuái | ha | o-gueraha | mombyry | chupe Overt Direct Object (DO) Pronoun | upé-gui. |
3Pl-get.together | 3Sg.Pron.Obl | 3Pl.Pron.Subj | Conj | 3Pl-take | far | 3.Pron.DO | Dem-Prep |
They all got together and took him far from there.
Se juntaron todos y le llevaron lejos de ahí.
(2) | ||||||
Ha | jaguarete | oi-mo’ã | o-jorá-ta | chupe Overt Direct Object (DO) Pronoun | hikuái | ra’ẽ,Embedded ra'e, matrix subject oriented (juagarete’s realization) |
Conj | tiger | 3Sg-think | 3Pl-untie-Prosp | 3.Pron.DO | 3Pl.Pron.Subj | Evid |
And the tiger thought that they would untie him [he realized],
Y el jaguareté creyó que le iban a desatar [se dio cuenta],
(3) | |||||
Ha | oi-tývo | chupe Overt Direct Object (DO) Pronoun | ka’i | umía | yvý-pe, |
Conj | 3Pl-throw.down | 3.Pron.DO | monkey | Dem | ground-Loc |
And the monkeys threw him to the ground
Y le echaron los monos al suelo
(4) | ||||
o-jora | haguãIrrealis Subordinator 'ha' | chupe Overt Direct Object (DO) Pronoun | la | i-py-kua-ha. |
3Sg-undo | Sub.Irr | 3.Pron.DO | Def.Det | 3.Poss-feet-tie-Nom |
to untie him.
para deshacerle sus ataduras.
Story #8
(1) | ||||
pono [por sino] | o-u | ho’u | chupe Overt Direct Object (DO) Pronoun | kuéra. |
in.case | 3Sg-come | 3Sg.eat | 3.Pron.DO | Pl |
in case he comes to eat them.
por si viene a comerles.
Story #10
(1) | ||||||||
e-mondo | che Overt Direct Object (DO) Pronoun | piári | ãga | la | ñande | apere’a | de | virtu |
Imp-send | 1Sg.Pron.DO | find | now | Def.Det | 1Pl.Incl.Poss | rabbit | of | virtue |
send our virtuous rabbit to find me,"
enviale a nuestro conejo virtuoso para que me busque,"
Story #11
(1) | |||||||||
Petẽi | mbói | áripi | o-hasa | peteĩ | karréta | ha | oi-ku’a | mopẽ | chupe. Overt Direct Object (DO) Pronoun |
One | snake | on.top | 3Sg-pass | one | wagon | Conj | 3Sg-middle | break | 3.Pron.DO |
A wagon passed on top of a snake and broke it in half.
Sobre una víbora pasó una carreta y le trozó la cintura.
(2) | ||||||||
o-moinge | i-guý-pe | peteĩ | garróte, | o-mboguapy | porã, | pasiénsia-pe | o-hupi | chupe. Overt Direct Object (DO) Pronoun |
3Sg-put | 3.Poss-under-Loc | one | stick | 3Sg-sit | well | patience-Loc | 3Sg-lift | 3.Pron.DO |
he put a stick under it, he sat it down, and with patience lifted it.
puso debajo [de la víbora] un garrote [un palo], le sentó bien, con paciencia le alzó.
(3) | |||
Oi-pe’a | chupe Overt Direct Object (DO) Pronoun | la | tapé-gui. |
3Sg-take.out | 3.Pron.DO | Def.Det | trail-Prep |
He removed it from the trail.
Lo sacó del camino.
(4) | |||||||
Mbegue | katu | o-myaña, | huguái | o-mondo | la | takuru-kuá-pe | chupe, Overt Direct Object (DO) Pronoun |
Slowly | FOC | 3Sg-push | tail | 3Sg-send | Def.Det | anthill-end-Loc | 3.Pron.DO |
Slowly he pushed it, sending the tail to the end of the anthill,
Lentamente le empujó, la cola mandó al fondo del hormiguero,
(5) | |||||
(oi-mo’ã | la | pála-re | he’i | chupe, Overt Direct Object (DO) Pronoun | ra’e).Embedded, declarative, narrator/speaker oriented |
3Sg-believe | Def.Det | shovel-Obl | 3Sg.say | 3.Pron.DO | Evid |
(he thought he was talking about the shovels).
(creyó que le decía por las palas, había sido).
(6) | ||||||||||
Ha | o-myañana | -maAspect/Focalizer '-ma' | chupe Overt Direct Object (DO) Pronoun | kuéra | kotý-pe | ha | o-mbo-tokoro’o | mbohapy-vé | -vaRelativizer 'va' | -pe. |
Conj | 3Sg-shove | -Asp | 3.Pron.DO | Pl | room-Loc | Conj | 3Sg-Caus-cluck | three-more | -Rel | -DOM |
And he shoved them into the room and made them cluck outloud, all three of them.
Y ya a empujones ya les metió en la pieza, y les hizo cacarear a todas las tres.
Story #12
(1) | |||||
ha | he’i | i-ñi-rũ-me | o-hupi | haguãIrrealis Subordinator 'ha' | chupe. Overt Direct Object (DO) Pronoun |
Conj | 3Sg.say | 3.Poss-Pref-friend-Loc | 3Sg-raise | Sub.Irr | 3.Pron.DO |
and told his friend to raise [the container].
y le dijo a su compañero para que le alze (el cántaro).
(2) | ||||
Pytũ-mby-eté-pe | o-pyta, | oi-ty | chupe Overt Direct Object (DO) Pronoun | ovayvávo, |
Dark-middle-Superl-Loc | 3Pl-stay | 3Sg-throw | 3.Pron.DO | face.up |
They remained completely in the dark, [the lightning] threw Leokádio backwards,
Se quedaron totalmente en la oscuridad, [el rayo] le echó [a Leokadio] de espalda,
Story #13
(1) | |||||||
o-juhu | chupe Overt Direct Object (DO) Pronoun | o-jepyso | hínaContinuative | la | tataindy | kuéra | renondé-pe. |
3Pl-find | 3.Pron.DO | 3Sg-extended | Cont | Def.Det | candle | Pl | front.of-Loc |
and found him lying down in front of the candles.
y lo encontraron que estaba tendido frente a todas las velas.
(2) | ||||||||
ha | o-hupi | hikuái | Aguí-pe | o-gueraha | chupe Overt Direct Object (DO) Pronoun | la | mama | róga-pe. |
Conj | 3Pl-pick.up | 3Pl.Pron.Subj | Agustin-DOM | 3Pl-take | 3.Pron.DO | Def.Det | mother | house-Loc |
and they picked Agustin up and they took him to his mother’s house. [narrator’s mother’s house]
y le alzaron ellos a Agustín lo llevaron la casa de mama.
Story #14
(1) | |||||||
Ha’e | nd-oi-kutú-i | voiFocalizer Particle 'voi' | chupe Overt Direct Object (DO) Pronoun | ñuatĩ, | ku | tapiti | ra’ý-icha. |
3.Pron | Neg-3Sg-pinch-Neg | FOC | 3.Pron.DO | thorns | Dem | rabbit | son-similar |
No thorn pricked him ever, just like those little rabbits.
A él no le hincaba luego espinas, igual que a un conejito.
(2) | |||||||||
Ha | do | tre | dia | hagué-peLocational Relative Pronoun 'ha' | i-sy | umía | o-gueru | jey | chupe. Overt Direct Object (DO) Pronoun |
Conj | two | three | days | Sub.TermAsp-Loc | 3-mother | those | 3Pl-bring | again | 3.Pron.DO |
And after two or three days his parents would bring him back again.
Y dos tres días después su mamá y esos [y otros] le traían otra vez.
(3) | ||||||||
Upéi | o-juhu | jeý-rõ | jepe | chupe Overt Direct Object (DO) Pronoun | la | i-sy | ha | i-túva |
Then | 3Pl-find | again-Cond | again | 3.Pron.DO | Det.Det | 3.Poss-mother | Conj | 3.Poss-father |
After whenever his parents found him again
Después si su mama y su papá le encontraban a él nuevamente
Story #15
(1) | |||||||
oĩ | haguãichaIrrealis Subordinator 'ha' | la | vagon | kuéra: | o-hyekue’o-pa-ite | voiFocalizer Particle 'voi' | chupe. Overt Direct Object (DO) Pronoun |
exist | Sub.Irr | Def.Det | wagon | Pl | 3Pl-rip-Compl-Superl | Emph | 3.Pron.DO |
the wagons [that were there]: they ripped him apart.
los vagones que habían: le destriparon luego.
(2) | ||||||
O-topa | gueteri | upé-pe | chupe Overt Direct Object (DO) Pronoun | che | kyvy | Alfonso. |
3Sg-find | still | Dem-Loc | 3.Pron.DO | 1Sg.Poss | younger.son | Alfonso |
He found him there still, my younger son Alfonso.
Lo encontró ahí todavía, mi hijo menor Alfonso.