Funded by NSF BCS-1917619
Story #1
(1) | |||||||
O-hechá-vo | la | mbói | la | karia’y-pe, | o-sapukái | voi 'Voi' Focalizer Particle | [i]chupe: |
3Sg-see.Temp.Conj | Def.Det | snake | Def.Det | lad-DOM | 3Sg-scream | Emph | 3Sg.Pron.IO |
When the snake saw the young man, he screamed at him:
Al ver la víbora al muchacho, le gritó:
(2) | |||
Ha | o-sẽ-re[he] | upé-gui | voi, 'Voi' Focalizer Particle |
Conj | 3Sg-out-at-cause | there-from | Emph |
And having got out of that place,
Y por haber salido de ahí,
(3) | |||
Kavaju | nda-hesa | pirĩri | voi: 'Voi' Focalizer Particle |
Horse | Neg-sight | thin | Focus |
The horse without blinking [said]:
El caballo sin pestañear [luego]:
(4) | |||||||
ni | n-o-hendu-pá-i | voi 'Voi' Focalizer Particle | la | h-e’íva | chupe | umi | mokõi: |
not-even | Neg-3Sg-hear-all-Neg | Emph | Def.Det | 3Pl-say-Rel | 3Sg.Pron.IO | those | two |
not even hearing all of what those two were saying:
ni escuchó todo luego lo que le decían esos dos:
(5) | |||||||
ho’u | terere | ore | ratĩ-ngué-pe | ——he’i | voi 'Voi' Focalizer Particle | la | guéi. |
3Pl-drink | terere | 1Pl.Excl.Poss | horn-former-Loc.Prep | 3Sg-say | Emph | Def.Det | ox |
"they drink ‘terere’ from our horn."
"toman terere con nuestro cuerno."
(6) | ||||||
añeté-pa | la | pe | mombe’ú-va | chéve? | ——he’i | voi. 'Voi' Focalizer Particle |
truly-Tot.Asp | Def.Det | Dem | 2Pl-tell-Rel | 1Sg.Pron.IO | ——3Sg-say | Emph |
"if it is the truth that which they tell me?" said he.
"[si es] la verdad eso que me cuentan?" le dijo [luego].
(7) | ||||||||
——Ja-ha | ja-hecha | ——he’i | voi 'Voi' Focalizer Particle | la | karia’y, | ha | o-jogueraha | hikuái. |
——1Pl.Incl-go | 1Pl.Incl-see | ——3Sg-say | Emph | Def.Det | lad | Conj | 3Sg-Rec-take | 3Pl-Pron.Subj |
"Let’s go see," he told the lad, and they went together all of them.
"Vamos a ver," le dijo [énfasis] el muchacho, y se acompañaron [se fueron juntos] todos ellos.
Story #2
(1) | ||||||
térã-piko | re-mbopo’i | che-hegui? | ——he’i | voi 'Voi' Focalizer Particle | chupe | jatevu. |
or-Q | 2Sg-be.afraid | 1Sg-of | ——3Sg.say | Emph | 3Sg.Pron.IO | tick |
or are you afraid of me?" the tick said to him.
o me tienes miedo?" le dijo la garrapata.
Story #3
(1) | |||
——Ha | ndé-[p]iko, | na-che-defende-mo’ã-i | voi? 'Voi' Focalizer Particle |
——Conj | 2Sg-Pron.Subj-Q | Neg-1Sg.Pron.DO-defend-Neg.Irr | -FOC |
"And you will not defend me?"
"¿Y vos, no vas a defenderme luego?"
Story #4
(1) | |||
O-sẽ | voi 'Voi' Focalizer Particle | o-huguaitĩ-vo | chupe. Overt Direct Object (DO) Pronoun |
3Sg-go.out | Emph | 3Sg-meet-goal | 3.Pron.DO |
She came out to meet him.
Salió luego a su encuentro [a encontrarle].
Story #5
(1) | ||||||
O-je-volea | mombyry-mí-nte | voi 'Voi' Focalizer Particle | chugui | la | ka’i | kuéra, |
3Pl-Refl-round | afar-Dim-FOC | FOC | 3Sg.Pron.Obl | Def.Det | monkey | Pl |
The monkeys turned around and around him from afar,
Se dieron vuelta y vuelta los monos desde lejos alrededor de él,
Story #6
(1) | ||||
O-je-puka-pa | voi 'Voi' Focalizer Particle | kuriRetrospective Aspect 'kuri' | ha’e | o-guahẽ-vo. |
3Pl-Refl-laugh-Compl | Emph | Perf.Asp | 3Sg.Pron.Subj | 3Sg-arrive-Temp.Conj |
They all laughed when she arrived.
Se rieron cuando ella llegó.
(2) | |||||
ha | ijypyrã | n-o-pená-i | voi 'Voi' Focalizer Particle | hese | ha’e. |
Conj | beginning | Neg-3Sg-pay.attention-Neg | Emph | 3Pl.Pron.Obl | 3Sg.Pron.Subj |
and at the beginning he did not pay attention.
y al comienzo no hizo caso de eso.
(3) | |||||
Ha | upéi-ngo | o-u | voi 'Voi' Focalizer Particle | hendá-pe | karumbe: |
Conj | then-FOC | 3Sg-come | Emph | 3.Poss.place-Loc | turtle |
And then he came to the turtle [to the place where the turtle was]
Y después vino expresamente junto a la avestruz la tortuga:
(4) | ||||||
Ha | karumbé-ngo | nd-o-je-kuaá-i | voi 'Voi' Focalizer Particle | la | kapi’í-pe | kuápe. |
Conj | turtle-FOC | Neg-3Sg-Refl-know-Neg | Emph | Def.Det | grass-Loc | inside |
And the turtle could not be seen in the long grass.
Y a la tortuga no se le distinguía ( se le veía ) luego entre el pasto largo.
Story #7
(1) | ||||||
o-hó | -maAspect/Focalizer '-ma' | voi 'Voi' Focalizer Particle | o-hecha | la | hóga | renda-guã. |
3Sg-go | -Asp | FOC | 3Sg-see | Def.Det | 3.Poss-house | place-Irr |
he went to see the location of his future house.
ya se fue a ver el lugar de su futura casa.
(2) | |||||||
Ha | o-mo-potĩ-mbá | -maAspect/Focalizer '-ma' | -ne | voi 'Voi' Focalizer Particle | katu | pya’e | pya’e. |
Conj | 3Sg-TR-clean-Compl | -Asp | -Mod | FOC | Mod | fast | fast |
And he would probably already clean all very fast.
Y ha de limpiar ya todo rápidamente.
(3) | |||||
Ñande | jára-nte | voi, 'Voi' Focalizer Particle | che | suerte-téiko! | ––he’i. |
3Pl.Incl.Poss | lord-only | FOC | 1Sg.Poss | luck-have | ––3Sg.say |
Only our lord, how lucky I am!" he said.
Nuestro señor nomás luego, que suerte tengo!" dijo.
(4) | ||
o-vy’a-iterei | voi, 'Voi' Focalizer Particle | i-guý-pe, |
3Sg-happy-Superl | FOC | 3.Poss-under-Loc.Prep |
he was so happy under its roof,
estuvo muy feliz debajo del techo,
(5) | ||||
Oi-ké-re | voi 'Voi' Focalizer Particle | o-hechá | -maAspect/Focalizer '-ma' | jaguareté-pe |
3Sg-enter-at | FOC | 3Sg-see | -Asp | tiger-DOM |
When entering already, he saw the tiger
Al entrar vio ya al tigre
Story #10
(1) | ||||||
Ha | la | Réi | he’i | mboyve | mba’eve | voiFocalizer Particle 'voi' |
Conj | Def.Det | King | 3Sg.say | before | anything | FOC |
And before the King said anything,
Y antes que el Rey diga nada,
(2) | |||||||||
nimbo | oi-pota | itereí | -maAspect/Focalizer '-ma' | hínaEmphasis on Superlative | ra'eMatrix, declarative, narrator-oriented | (ha’é-ngo | i-taryrýi | eterei | voi).Focalizer Particle 'voi' |
Part | 3Sg-want | Superl | -Asp | Cont | Evid | 3.Pron.Nom-FOC | 3Sg-greedy | Superl | FOC |
it seems that he wanted it so much (he is of course very greedy).
había sido que demasiado ya quería (él luego es demasiado codicioso luego).
(3) | |||||||
Upéi | ndaje | he’í | -maAspect/Focalizer '-ma' | voiFocalizer Particle 'voi' | chupe | n-o-vende-sé-i | chéne-pa. |
Then | Report.Evid | 3Sg.say | -Asp | FOC | 3Sg.Pron.IO | Neg-3Sg-sell-Des-Neg | Mod-Q |
Then it is said that he already said to him whether he would sell [it] to him.
Después se dice ya le dijo que si no le querría vender.
(4) | ||||||
——N-a-vende | vaerã-i | ——he’i | -maAspect/Focalizer '-ma' | voiFocalizer Particle 'voi' | chupe | Peru, |
——Neg-1Sg-sell | Mod-Neg | ——3Sg.say | -Asp | FOC | 3.Pron.IO | Peru |
"I will (probably) not sell," Peru already says to him,
"No he de vender," le dice ya Peru,
(5) | ||||||
Upéi | ndaje | ha’e | oi-kuaa | voiFocalizer Particle 'voi' | mba’e | diá-pe |
Then | Report.Evid | 3.Pron.Nom | 3Sg-know | FOC | thing | day-Loc.Prep |
Then, it is said that he knew which day
Después, dice que, él sabía luego que día
(6) | ||||||||||
Upéi | ndaje | la | Señor | Réi | o-u | o-guahẽ | ha | o-porandu | voiFocalizer Particle 'voi' | Perú-re. |
Then | Report.Evid | Def.Det | Mr. | King | 3Sg-come | 3Sg-arrive | Conj | 3Sg-ask | FOC | Peru-Obl |
Then, it is said, the King came arriving and asked for Peru.
Después dicen que el Señor Rey vino llegando y preguntó. por Peru.
(7) | ||||||||
Ha’e | hesarái | voiFocalizer Particle 'voi' | ma’erã-pa | o-u | ra'eEmbedded wh-complement. Matrix subject oriented | la | Peru | rendá-pe. |
3.Pron.Nom | 3Sg-forget | FOC | what.for-Q | 3Sg-come | Evid | Def.Det | Peru | place-Loc.Prep |
He had forgotten for what reason he came to see Peru.
El se olvidó luego para que vino junto a Peru.
(8) | ||||
La | hesa | la | apere’á-rente | voi.Focalizer Particle 'voi' |
Def.Det | look | Def.Det | rabbit-only | FOC |
His sight was only for the rabbit.
Su mirada estaba por el conejo nomás luego.
(9) | ||||||||||
Oi-potá-iterei | jeý | -maAspect/Focalizer '-ma' | ndaje | Señor | Réi | ha | o-trateá | -maAspect/Focalizer '-ma' | voiFocalizer Particle 'voi' | Perú-gui. |
3Sg-want-Superl | again | -Asp | Report.Evid | Mr. | King | Conj | 3Sg-deal | -Asp | FOC | Peru-Prep |
The King wanted it badly again, it is said, and he already made a deal with Peru.
Demasiado quería otra vez el señor Rei, se dice que, e hizo el trato otra vez con Peru.
Story #11
(1) | O-guahẽ | Palásio-pe | ha | oi-ke | voi | o-ñomongeta | Réi | ndive. |
3-arrive | Palace-loc | conj | 3-enter | foc | 3-converse | King | with |
He arrived at the palace and entered to talk with the King.
Llegó al Palacio y entró luego a conversar con el Rey.
(2) | Réi | voi | o-ho | Peru | ndive | la | o-mba’apó-vo | hikuái | ñú-me, | peteĩ | hembiguái | hendive-kuéra. |
King | foc | 3-go | Peru | with | def.det | 3-work-goal | 3Pl.Subj | field-loc, | one | employee | 3.with-Plural |
The King went with Peru to work in the fields, an employee with them.
El Rey luego se fué con Peru para trabajar ellos en el campo, un empleado con ellos.
Story #12
(1) | "La | pe-heká-va | pe-juhu-va’erã" | he’i | voí-ngo | Ñande-jára. |
def.det | dem-search-rel | 2Pl-find-mod | 3.say | foc.part | 1Pl.incl.Pos-God |
"That which they will find", says God.
"Lo que buscan van a encontrar", dice luego Dios.
(2) | Ha | "e-jú-py | ja-huga, | e-jú-py | ja-huga!", | he’í-ma | voi | chupe | peteĩ, |
Conj | 2.imp-come-part | 1Pl.incl-play, | 2.imp-come-part | 1Pl.incl-play, | 3.say already | foc | 3.IO | one.Subj |
And, "Come, we will play cards, come, we will play cards!" one (of them) said to him.
Y "Vení pués vamos a jugar, vení vamos a jugar!", le dijo uno de ellos.
(3) | Ha | la | karia’y | o-ñe-moĩ | o-perde, | o-perde | voi. |
Conj | def.det | guy | 3-refl-put | 3-lose | 3-lose | foc. |
And the guy started to lose and lose.
Y el muchacho se puso a perder, a perder.
(4) | Ha’e | oi-ko | i-patrõ | róga-pe-nte | voi | ra'e. |
3.Subj | 3-exist | 3Pos-boss | house-loc-only | foc | Evid |
He actually lives in his boss’ house, it turns out.
él vive en la casa de su patrón luego, había sido.
Story #13
(1) | Heta | voíngo | che | chekyvy | vaekue. |
Many | foc | 1S.Pro | brothers | Temp.Pst |
I had many brothers.
Yo tenía luego muchos hermanos.
(2) | Ha | upé-pe | ndaje | Agui | ho’a-ite | vera | voi, | i-j-atáke. |
Conj | there-loc | it.is.said | Agustin | 3.fall-superl | suddenly | foc, | 3-refl-attack |
And there it is said that Augustin suddenly fell, he had an attack.
Y allí se dice que Agustín se cayó súbitamente, le dio su ataque.
(3) | Ha | nimbo | ha’e | nd-o-ké-i | voi | hína | ra'e. |
Conj | nimbo | 3Pron.Suj | neg-3-sleep | foc | prog | Evid |
And it turns out that she wasn’t sleeping.
Había sido que ella no estaba luego durmiendo todavía.
Story #14
(1) | ha | michï | ra’y-mi | n-o-monde-sé-i | voi | mba’evé-icha-gua | ao. |
Conj | small | son-dim | neg-3-put-des-neg | foc | any-type-place | clothes |
And since he was a little kid he never wanted to put clothes on.
Y desde chiquito no quería luego ponerse ninguna clase de ropa.
(2) | Ha’e | nd-oi-kutú-i | voi | chupe | ñuatï, | ku | tapiti | ra’ý-icha. |
3Pro | neg-3-pinch-neg | foc | 3Pro.Obj | thorns, | dem | rabbit | son-similar |
No thorn pricked him ever, just like those little rabbits.
A él no le hincaba luego espinas, igual que a un conejito.